Search results for "Developed countries"
showing 8 items of 38 documents
Impacts of global multilateral trade liberalization on sustainability indicators
2007
A computable general equilibrium model was used to analyze trade liberalization impacts on sustainability. On the basis of multilateral trade negotiations in Doha Round, partial trade liberalization (PTL) and deep trade liberalization (DTL) scenarios were designed to assess their impacts on economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability using selected indicators. In a short time period DTL scenario showed high sustainability performance for developed and developing regions. In a longer time period gradual trade liberalization (PTL) appeared to be more beneficial in terms of sustainability performance for developing and least developed regions. Under both PTL and DTL scenari…
Stimulating economic growth in the least developed countries: direct cash transfers for the retired via mobile phones
2013
The result of current aid policies is that only a small percentage of foreign aid reaches the poorest of the poor in the least developed countries. Current trends of urbanisation and self-reliance place elderly people in an increasingly difficult situation. This paper aims to stimulate debate by introducing an alternative mechanism for foreign aid. With the help of an economic model, we demonstrate how direct cash transfers to elderly people can spur economic growth. Targeting all elderly people above a certain age minimises selection costs and removes perverse incentives. The use of new mobile phone technologies reduces transaction costs and makes our proposed modality feasible including i…
Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
2021
The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhoo…
Exploring why global health needs are unmet by research efforts: the potential influences of geography, industry and publication incentives
2020
[Background]: It has been well established that research is not addressing health needs in a balanced way — much more research is conducted on diseases with more burden in high-income countries than on those with more burden in lower-income countries. In this study, we explore whether these imbalances persist and inquire about the possible influence of three factors, namely geography, industry and publication incentives.
Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review.
2006
The aim of this paper was to critically review the current role of community water fluoridation in preventing dental caries. Original articles and reviews published in English language from January 2001 to June 2006 were selected through MEDLINE database. Other sources were taken from the references of the selected papers. For the past 50 years community water fluoridation has been considered the milestone of caries prevention and as one of the major public health measures of the 20th century. However, it is now accepted that the primary cariostatic action of fluoride occurs after tooth eruption. Moreover, the caries reduction directly attributable to water fluoridation have declined in the…
The effects on offspring of premature parturition
2001
The time of parturition defines the length of the intrauterine period of fetal life, a requisite to achieve adequate adaptation to the external environment. Immaturity, a condition whose severity is inversely related to the length of pregnancy, is the main determinant of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth. Despite great advances in medical technology and expertise, mainly after the introduction of the neonatal intensive care units, only one- to two-thirds of infants from the subsets with lower birthweight/gestational age reach survival at discharge. Distinct major neurological and sensorial sequelae, including cerebral palsy, retinopathy of prematurity, and …
A new aid modality for Africa
2013
Preprint of an article published in the Journal of Economic Policy Reform with the title:“Stimulating economic growth in the least developed countries: Direct cash transfers for the retired via mobile phones,” The result of current aid policies is that only a small percentage of foreign aid reaches the poorest of the poor in the least developed countries. Current trends of urbanisation and self-reliance place elderly people in an increasingly difficult situation. This paper aims to stimulate debate by introducing an alternative mechanism for foreign aid. With the help of an economic model, we demonstrate how direct cash transfers to elderly people can spur economic growth. Targeting all eld…
Board structures, liberal countries, and developed market economies. Do they matter in environmental reporting? An international outlook
2019
This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Board structures, liberal countries, and developed market economies. Do they matter in environmental reporting? An international outlook, which has been published in final form at: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2275. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. Previous empirical evidence has shown the effect of most corporate governance mechanisms on corporate social responsibility and environmental disclosure. However, there is scant empirical evidence that examines the influence of liberal countries, developed market economies, and board s…