Search results for "Development"

A crisis of definition: culture versus industry in odda, norway

2013

AbstractThis article addresses the influence of dominant and traditional ways of grasping the reality in social and economic processes of change. Our point of departure is how the perception of cri...

Profit Sharing the Firm-Size Wage Premium

2017

This study analyzes the relationships among wages, firm size, and profit sharing schemes. We develop a simple theoretical model and explore the relationship empirically using high-quality panel data. The theoretical model shows that the firm-size wage premium decreases in the presence of profit sharing. The empirical results based on rich matched employee-employer data for private sector wage earners in Finland show that the firm-size wage premium is modest, and it becomes negligible when we account for profit sharing and covariates describing assortative matching and monopsony behavior. The analysis suggests that profit sharing schemes embody effects of firm-specific unobservables that rai…

The power of status: What determines one's reactions to anger in a social situation?

2017

Abstract The present study examined how social status and gender determine anger expression and behavioral reactions toward experienced anger. In two experiments, anger was induced in a staged social interaction. Behavioral anger reactions were judged by observers. In Experiment 1 ( equal status condition ; N  = 110) participants were provoked by a confederate, in Experiment 2 ( low status condition ; N  = 116) participants were provoked by the experimenter. We found that participants expressed their anger to a lesser extent, were less resistant, and engaged in submissive behaviors if they had a lower status than the anger-target. As expected, gender had a moderating effect: While women's a…

Demanda de autonomía en la relación entre los adolescentes y sus padres: normalización del conflicto

2017

In a family setting, disagreements between parents and their teenage children are commonplace. This study seeks to measure a teenager’s degree of independence alongside their level of communication with their parents in order to identify the most relevant factors in this relationship and to understand its signifi cance. The study shows that teenagers exhibit a marked tendency to seek increased independence as they develop, although their parents may measure the speed at which their children mature differently. The variables of age, self-esteem, and sex (of both the children and their parents) reveal that confl ict between teenagers and their parents is a natural step in the maturation proce…

Mediating and moderating processes in the relationship between multicultural ideology and attitudes towards immigrants in emerging adults

2016

Few studies examine intercultural relations in emerging adulthood. Framed from the perspective of the Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies (MIRIPS) project, the current paper examined the mediating role of tolerance and perceived consequences of immigration in the relationship between multicultural ideology and attitudes towards immigrants. Additionally, the moderating role of context was analysed. A two-group structural equation modelling was performed on data collected from 305 Italian emerging adults living both in northern and in southern Italy with different socio-political climates towards immigrants. In both groups, tolerance and perceived consequences of immigration me…

2020

Introduction Adolescents’ physical activity (PA) behavior can be driven by several psychosocial determinants at the same time. Most analyses use a variable-based approach that examines relations between PA-related determinants and PA behavior on the between-person level. Using this approach, possible coexistences of different psychosocial determinants within one person cannot be examined. Therefore, by applying a person-oriented approach, this study examined a) which profiles regarding PA-related psychosocial variables typically occur in female sixth-graders, b) if these profiles deliver a self-consistent picture according to theoretical assumptions, and c) if the profiles contribute to the…

Finland: Towards the Future School

2018

Finland is known globally for two things: first, Santa Claus who is living in Korvatunturi in Lapland, near the Russian border; and second, education. A huge success in the international Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results in the early 2000s raised Finnish education to the core of educational discussion all around the world. Finland’s top rankings in not only one category but in all three main test categories—literacy, mathematics and science—has led to many questions as to the origins of this success. The answers lay in two main categories: the developmental history of Finnish compulsory school and teacher education. In Finland, PISA results were of more importanc…

The temporal relations of adolescents' basic need satisfaction in physical education and global self-worth

2020

This study investigated the temporal relations of adolescents’ basic need satisfaction in physical education (PE) and global self-worth in a sample of 3,398 lower and upper secondary school students (49% boys, 51% girls, average age T1 = 15.00, SD = 1.79). Four models and competing hypotheses were tested, and the model with bidirectional paths specified showed the best fit to the data. The bidirectional effect estimates suggest not only that basic need satisfaction in PE predicts global self-worth development but also that adolescents’ perceptions of global self-worth predict the degree to which they experience basic need satisfaction in PE. Findings could suggest that students with low glo…

Global Self-Worth among Adolescents: The Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Physical Education

2019

Global self-worth is important for healthy development and learning, and is therefore highlighted as a major aim in the Norwegian physical education (PE) curriculum. Based on prior research this study aimed to assess potential differences in global self-worth and contextual basic need satisfaction among 2854 adolescents (47.5% boys, 52.5% girls, ages 13 and 16) participating in different movement contexts, and to determine whether basic need satisfaction in PE relates to global self-worth. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate that basic need satisfaction in PE relates significantly to global self-worth. However, adolescents who do not participate in movement contexts outside schoo…

Life satisfaction and status among adolescent law offenders

2015

Background Life satisfaction among young offenders may be affected by the subjective experience of their social status and by the feeling of being a ‘loser’ compared with others, but it is not clear what variables affect such experiences in this group. Aims To examine relationships of type of sentence (prison or probation) and of gender with subjective social status, sense of defeat and life satisfaction among young offenders. Methods One hundred and five participants were randomly selected from a cohort of young offenders, stratifying for sentence type and for gender. They were interviewed by trained and experienced interviewers. Results Young people in a correctional facility experienced …