Search results for "Development"
showing 10 items of 26949 documents
Tackling selective mutism: a guide for professionals and parents
2015
The book Tackling Selective Mutism: A Guide for Professionals and Parents is divided into four main parts and 17 chapters with 22 different contributors. The introduction and part I give an overvie...
Behavioural treatment of improper eating by an institutionalised woman with profound intellectual disability—description of a successful intervention
2002
Intensive 11-day behavioural training of an institutionalised woman with profound intellectual disability was used to teach proper eating by reducing her eating errors. The methods used included an increased number of learning opportunities, graduated guidance, the use of social reinforcement, and mild punishment through simple correction of eating errors. The treatment was faded into a maintenance phase. After the intensive training phase, the participant ceased to eat with her fingers from a plate, and her eating changed to a more tidy habit. She was also released from having her hand tied during the meals. The results were maintained during an informal follow-up 4 years later.
Personalized Cardiac Computational Models: From Clinical Data to Simulation of Infarct-Related Ventricular Tachycardia.
2019
In the chronic stage of myocardial infarction, a significant number of patients develop life-threatening ventricular tachycardias (VT) due to the arrhythmogenic nature of the remodeled myocardium. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common procedure to isolate reentry pathways across the infarct scar that are responsible for VT. Unfortunately, this strategy show relatively low success rates; up to 50% of patients experience recurrent VT after the procedure. In the last decade, intensive research in the field of computational cardiac electrophysiology (EP) has demonstrated the ability of three-dimensional (3D) cardiac computational models to perform in-silico EP studies. However, the personal…
National guidelines for dental diagnostic imaging in the developmental age
2019
This document aims to support the dental professional in choosing the adequate diagnostic technique, minimising the radiation dose in observance of the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle (7). This principle states that the biological cost can only be justifed when the beneft, that is, the diagnosis, outweighs the risk related to radiation exposure. In this guideline paper, we report recommendations for radiologists, medical physicists, paediatrician, dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, with reference to the specifc felds.
Antiaggressive and motor effects of the DA release inhibitor CGS 10746B
2001
In the present study the effects of a wide range of doses of the dopamine release inhibitor CGS 10746B were evaluated in spontaneous activity and in aggressive behaviour using the paradigm of isolation-induced aggression. The two higher doses (8 and 16 mg/kg) produced a decrease in spontaneous motor activity. Antiaggressive effects were observed after administration of doses from 4 mg/kg upwards. At this dose, CGS 10746B diminished threat and attack, and although an increase in immobility was observed, no impairment of other motor behaviours was presented. With higher doses, aggression was practically abolished but with a concomitant effect on many other behaviours. When animals were separa…
Motor activity in group-housed and isolated mice with short and long attack latencies: Effects of scopolamine
2002
Isolation-induced behavioral changes are well described in mice, although few studies have investigated the involvement of the cholinergic system in these effects. It has also been suggested that mice that display short or long attack latencies show differences in their reactions to a novel environment. The purpose of the present study was, first, to investigate locomotor activity in grouped and isolated mice that displayed short or long attack latencies and, second, to evaluate locomotor activity to determine whether it was affected interactively by differential housing and scopolamine treatment. Two experiments were performed in which NMRI mice, either isolated or group housed, were used …
Three-month-old infants’ sensitivity to horizontal information within faces
2016
Horizontal information is crucial to face processing in adults. Yet the ontogeny of this preferential type of processing remains unknown. To clarify this issue, we tested 3-month-old infants' sensitivity to horizontal information within faces. Specifically, infants were exposed to the simultaneous presentation of a face and a car presented in upright or inverted orientation while their looking behavior was recorded. Face and car images were either broadband (UNF) or filtered to only reveal horizontal (H), vertical (V) or this combined information (HV). As expected, infants looked longer at upright faces than at upright cars, but critically, only when horizontal information was preserved in …
Oral potentially malignant disorders: is malignant transformation predictable and preventable?
2014
Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. The prevalence is approximately 1% while the annual malignant transformation ranges from 2% to 3%. At present, there are no reliable clinicopathological or molecular predicting factors of malignant transformation that can be used in an individual patient and such event can not truly be prevented. Furthermore, follow-up programs are of questionable value in this respect. Cessation of smoking habits may result in regression or even disappearance of the leukoplakia and will diminish the risk of cancer development either at the site of the leukoplakia or elsewhere in the mouth or the upper aerodigestive tract. The…
Event‐related brain potentials to change in rapidly presented acoustic stimuli in newborns
1997
Event-related brain potentials of 28 newborns to pitch change were studied during quiet sleep under stimulus conditions that typically elicit mismatch negativity in adults. Rarely occurring deviant tones of 1100 Hz (probability 12%) were embedded among repeated standard tones of 1000 Hz in an oddball-sequence with an interstimulus interval of 425 ms. Two control conditions were also employed: In the first, the 1100-Hz stimulus was presented alone without the intervening standard stimuli, and in the second the deviant stimulus had a pitch of 1300 Hz. In all conditions the infrequent stimulus elicited in most newborns a slow positive deflection peaking at a latency of 250-350 ms. The response…
Soluble ligands and their receptors in human embryo development and implantation.
2014
Extensive evidence suggests that soluble ligands and their receptors mediate human preimplantation embryo development and implantation. Progress in this complex area has been ongoing since the 1980s, with an ever-increasing list of candidates. This article specifically reviews evidence of soluble ligands and their receptors in the human preimplantation stage embryo and female reproductive tract. The focus will be on candidates produced by the human preimplantation embryo and those eliciting developmental responses in vitro, as well as endometrial factors related to implantation and receptivity. Pathways to clinical translation, including innovative diagnostics and other technologies, are al…