Search results for "Diencephalon"

showing 10 items of 23 documents

Early Commissural Diencephalic Neurons Control Habenular Axon Extension and Targeting.

2016

Summary Most neuronal populations form on both the left and right sides of the brain. Their efferent axons appear to grow synchronously along similar pathways on each side, although the neurons or their environment often differ between the two hemispheres [1–4]. How this coordination is controlled has received little attention. Frequently, neurons establish interhemispheric connections, which can function to integrate information between brain hemispheres (e.g., [5]). Such commissures form very early, suggesting their potential developmental role in coordinating ipsilateral axon navigation during embryonic development [4]. To address the temporal-spatial control of bilateral axon growth, we…

0301 basic medicineEmbryo NonmammalianEfferentNeurogenesisThalamusBiologyTime-Lapse ImagingGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciencesmedicineAnimalsAxonDiencephalonZebrafishZebrafishBody PatterningNeuronsAxon extensionAnatomyCommissureZebrafish Proteinsbiology.organism_classificationAxon growthAxons030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureHabenulanervous systemGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesNeuroscienceCurrent biology : CB
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Understanding the Significance of the Hypothalamic Nature of the Subthalamic Nucleus

2021

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an essential component of the basal ganglia and has long been considered to be a part of the ventral thalamus. However, recent neurodevelopmental data indicated that this nucleus is of hypothalamic origin which is now commonly acknowledged. In this work, we aimed to verify whether the inclusion of the STN in the hypothalamus could influence the way we understand and conduct research on the organization of the whole ventral and posterior diencephalon. Developmental and neurochemical data indicate that the STN is part of a larger glutamatergic posterior hypothalamic region that includes the premammillary and mammillary nuclei. The main anatomic charact…

5neuroanatomyHypothalamusVentral anterior nucleusBiologyGlobus PallidusBasal GangliaMidbrainDiencephalonSubthalamic NucleusNeural PathwaysBasal gangliamedicineTheory/New Conceptsbehaviorsystem neuroscienceGeneral NeuroscienceGeneral MedicineIntegrative SystemsSubthalamic nucleusmedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemHypothalamusNeuroscienceNucleusNeuroanatomyeneuro
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Pharmacological activation of CB2 receptors counteracts the deleterious effect of ethanol on cell proliferation in the main neurogenic zones of the a…

2015

Chronic alcohol exposure reduces endocannabinoid activity and disrupts adult neurogenesis in rodents, which results in structural and functional alterations. Cannabinoid receptor agonists promote adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation. We evaluated the protective effects of the selective CB1 receptor agonist ACEA, the selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 and the fatty-acid amide-hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which enhances endocannabinoid receptor activity, on NPC proliferation in rats with forced consumption of ethanol (10%) or sucrose liquid diets for 2 weeks. We performed immunohistochemical and stereological analyses of cells expressing the mitotic phosphorylation of his…

:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Growth and Development::Morphogenesis::Embryonic and Fetal Development::Organogenesis::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]CB1 receptorTubulina (proteína)Cannabinoid receptorCarbamatosEtanol:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Nuclear Proteins::Histones [Medical Subject Headings]Ventrículos lateralesSacarosaNeuronasSubgranular zone0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]Histonas:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Receptor cannabinoide CB1Cannabinoid receptor type 2:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Phosphorylation [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Cells::Stem Cells::Neural Stem Cells [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neurons [Medical Subject Headings]health care economics and organizations:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Cerebral Ventricles::Lateral Ventricles [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]0303 health sciencesAlcoholismoalcoholConsumo de alcoholNeurogenesis:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype::Genetic Markers [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators::Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists [Medical Subject Headings]Benzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB2 [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid system3. Good healthbromodesoxiuridinaneurogenesisEndocannabinoidesmedicine.anatomical_structure:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]ACEADietaAlcoholFosforilaciónAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtyHidrolasasmedicine.drug_classNeurogenesiseducation:Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Substance-Related Disorders::Alcohol-Related Disorders::Alcoholism [Medical Subject Headings]Subventricular zoneBiology:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Telencephalon::Cerebrum::Cerebral Cortex::Hippocampus::Dentate Gyrus [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceRatasInternal medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Nerve Tissue Proteins::Tubulin [Medical Subject Headings]JWH133medicineGiro dentadolcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyCélulas madre nerviosas:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]Dentate gyrusmarcadores genéticosCB2 receptor:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Polysaccharides::Oligosaccharides::Disaccharides::Sucrose [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Diencephalon::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Ethanol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocrinology:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]nervous system:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHipotálamoNeuroscience
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Melatonin formation in different parts of the guinea-pig pineal complex as assessed over 24 hours.

1985

There is morphological evidence that the pineal gland is not a uniformly built organ but rather a complex. In the guinea-pig the gland is 6--7 mm in length and dumbbell-shaped, the proximal part coming into intimate contact with central commissural fibres. The aim of the present 24-hour study was to examine in male guinea-pigs whether the proximal, intermediate and distal areas of the gland are involved in melatonin formation and to compare their rhythmicities. Levels of melatonin in serum and the whole pineal gland as assessed by RIA show day/night ratios of 1 : 1.25 and 1 : 3.3, respectively. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity was found to exhibit ratios of 1 : 1.75 (Experiment I) and…

Acetylserotonin O-MethyltransferaseMaleendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseGuinea PigsBiologyPineal GlandPinealocyteHabenular commissureMelatoninDiencephalonPineal glandSpecies SpecificityInternal medicineCricetinaemedicineAnimalsCircadian rhythmDiencephalonBiological PsychiatryMelatoninRatsPsychiatry and Mental healthEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologyAcetylserotonin O-methyltransferaseNeurology (clinical)SerotoninGerbillinaehormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsmedicine.drugJournal of neural transmission
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Interbrain emotional connection during music performances is driven by physical proximity and individual traits.

2021

How musical emotions and the pleasure derived from music, regardless of the musical valence, can be shared between individuals is a fascinating question, and investigating it can shed light on the function of musical reward. We carried out our investigations in a natural setting during an international competition for orchestra conductors. Participants (n = 15) used a dedicated smartphone app to report their subjective emotional experiences in real time while we recorded their cerebral activity using electroencephalography and their electrodermal activity. The overall behavioral real-time behavioral ratings suggest a possible social influence on the reported and felt pleasure. The physicall…

AdultMalePleasureAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectEmotional contagionMusicalElectroencephalographyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyPleasureHistory and Philosophy of SciencemedicineNatural (music)HumansValence (psychology)DiencephalonSocial influencemedia_commonAgedmedicine.diagnostic_testGeneral NeuroscienceElectroencephalographyCoherence (statistics)Middle AgedAuditory PerceptionFemalePsychologyMusicCognitive psychologyAnnals of the New York Academy of SciencesReferences
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How long should patients refrain from oral food and fluid intake after general anaesthesia? An assessment of the swallowing reflex of postoperative n…

2005

Objective Our aim was to detect swallowing abnormalities in patients after short-term neurosurgical interventions under general anaesthesia, comparing patients with supratentorial operations with a group undergoing extracranial neurosurgery (nucleotomy). Methods 20 patients in each group were examined by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) after general anaesthesia. Results No patient demonstrated dysphagia, aspiration, or oxygen desaturation. Conclusion In these patient groups, early postoperative feeding was safe. Postoperative food intake can probably be allowed early after general anaesthesia.

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyTime Factorsmedicine.medical_treatmentDrinkingAnesthesia GeneralNeurosurgical ProceduresEatingGaggingBronchoscopySwallowingBronchoscopymedicineIntubationFiber Optic TechnologyHumansGeneral anaesthesiaProspective StudiesDiencephalonProspective cohort studyAgedmedicine.diagnostic_testEsophageal diseasebusiness.industryGeneral MedicineRecovery of FunctionMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseDysphagiaSurgeryAnesthesiaSurgeryFemaleNeurology (clinical)Neurosurgerymedicine.symptombusinessDeglutition DisordersDiskectomyMinimally invasive neurosurgery : MIN
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Distribution of CGRP-like immunoreactivity in the chick and quail brain

2000

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing neurones have been implicated in the transmission of visceral sensory information to the cortex and in the control of arterial blood pressure in mammals. However, little is known about its function in other vertebrates. As a first step toward investigating the function of CGRP in birds, its distribution was studied in the domestic chick and quail brain by means of immunocytochemistry, by using antibodies against rat CGRP. The distribution of CGRP immunoreactivity in the chick and quail central nervous system was found to be similar. CGRP-immunoreactive (CGRPi) perikarya were not present in the telencephalon. In the diencephalon, CGRPi perika…

CerebrumGeneral NeuroscienceThalamusCentral nervous systemAnsa lenticularisAnatomyBiologyDiencephalonmedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemForebrainmedicineBrainstemPretectal areaThe Journal of Comparative Neurology
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LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYMES IN THE NERVOUS TISSUE. IV. AN ONTOGENETIC STUDY ON THE RAT BRAIN.

1964

ElectrophoresisL-Lactate DehydrogenaseChemistryOntogenyNervous tissueResearchBrainGrowthRat brainBiochemistryLactate dehydrogenase isoenzymesRatsIsoenzymesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceDiencephalonchemistry.chemical_compoundmedicine.anatomical_structureBiochemistrySpectrophotometryLactate dehydrogenasemedicineSulfitesDiencephalonNerve TissueJournal of neurochemistry
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Organisation and maturation of the human thalamus as revealed by CD15

2001

The distribution of the CD15 antigen (CD15, 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine, Lewis x) has been studied immunohistochemically in the fetal human thalamus. Its changing patterns could be related to three successive, but overlapping, periods primarily due to its association with radial glial cells, neuropil, and neural cell bodies, respectively. From 9 weeks of gestation (wg), a subset of CD15-positive radial glial cells distinguished the neuroepithelium of the ventral thalamus, a characteristic also seen in the developing mouse. Distal processes of the radial glial cells converged at the root of the forebrain choroid tenia, which was also CD15 positive. From 13 wg until approximately 20 wg, CD…

General NeuroscienceThalamusVentral anterior nucleusAnatomyBiologyCell biologyNeuroepithelial cellDiencephalonmedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemForebrainmedicineNeuropilChoroid plexusNucleusJournal of Comparative Neurology
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Inverse behaviour of "synaptic" ribbon and spherule numbers in the pineal gland of male guinea-pigs exposed to continuous illumination.

1986

There is increasing evidence that pineal “synaptic” ribbons are a heterogeneous population of organelles. In addition to “synaptic” ribbons (SR) sensu stricto, which consist of an electron-dense rod surrounded by electronlucent vesicles, “synaptic” spherules (SS) exist, the electrondense core of which is round and much wider than that of the SR. In the guinea-pig SR and SS numbers exhibit an inverse day/night rhythmicity. To gain more insight into the functional significance of SR and SS, guinea-pigs were exposed to continuous illumination for approximately 4 months (LL) and the respective structures in the pineal gland were quantitated under the electron microscope and compared with contro…

MaleEmbryologyLightGuinea PigsSynaptic MembranesBiologyPineal GlandPinealocytelaw.inventionGuinea pigDiencephalonPineal glandlawParenchymaOrganellemedicineAnimalsSynaptic ribbonDose-Response Relationship RadiationCell BiologyAnatomyOrganoidsmedicine.anatomical_structureSynapsesBiophysicsAnatomyElectron microscopeDevelopmental BiologyAnatomy and embryology
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