Search results for "Dietary fats"
showing 10 items of 174 documents
Effect of sensory exposure on liking for fat- or sugar-reduced biscuits
2015
This study investigates the effect of exposure to fat- or sugar-reduced biscuits on liking for these products. Two sets of biscuits were manufactured, each including a standard variant and 4 variants differing by the level of reduction of either fat or sugar content, to 33% of fat content or 28% of sugar content. Biscuit consumers were recruited to eat either the fat (n ¼ 113) or the sugar-reduced set of biscuits (n ¼ 106). They participated in 5 testing sessions, once a week, in laboratory conditions. During each session, they rated their liking of the 5 variants. At the end of each of the 4 first sessions, consumers were given 16 biscuits for their home consumption during the week. Partic…
Normal intestinal dietary fat and cholesterol absorption, intestinal apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA levels, and ApoB-48 synthesis in a hypobetalipoprot…
1997
Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize intestinal apolipoprotein B (apoB) metabolism in subjects with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), where segregation analysis supports linkage to the apoB gene but no apoB truncations are present. We investigated cholesterol and fat absorption, intestinal apoB mRNA synthesis and editing, as well as apoB-48 synthesis. Plasma triglycerides (TG) and retinyl palmitate in the chylomicron fractions were analyzed after 12 hours of fasting and then repeatedly for 14 hours after ingestion of a vitamin A—containing high-fat meal. Cholesterol absorption was assessed using a dual stable-isotope method. Mean peak times and concentrations and ar…
Relationship between diet and serum anabolic hormone responses to heavy-resistance exercise in men.
2004
Relationship between dietary intake and serum anabolic hormone concentrations of testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), and growth hormone were examined at rest as well as after the heavy-resistance exercise (HRE) in 8 strength athletes (SA) and 10 physically active non-athletes (NA). In the first part of the study serum basal anabolic hormone concentrations and dietary intake were examined in the total group of subjects. In the second part of the study a subgroup of 5 SA and 5 NA performed the high volume and high intensity HRE. Dietary intake was registered by dietary diaries for 4 days preceding the loading day. Significant correlations were observed between serum basal T and fat (E%:…
The Phenomenon of a High Triglyceride Response to an Oral Lipid Load in Healthy Subjects and Its Link to the Metabolic Syndrome
1993
Excessive postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses despite normal fasting TG levels have been described in single cases within small groups of healthy subjects and in patients with obesity or precocious atherosclerosis, known to be associated with high insulin fasting levels. To clarify this association, fasting and postprandial TG and insulin levels were studied in 113 healthy young (25.7 +/- 2.6 years), normal weight (body mass index 20.8 +/- 2.3 kg/m2) male subjects who were selected from among 117 subjects on the basis of TG fasting levels200 mg/dl. After a 12-hour fast a standardized liquid lipid load was administered containing 58 g mainly saturated fat and 1,017 kcal energy. Both fas…
Comparing the results of a cholesterol and saturated fat screener when using two different scores.
2003
Screener are useful instruments for categorising individuals according to their nutrient intake. To accurately classify the individuals it is important to correctly analyse the screener. Therefore we compared a simple and a weighed score of a cholesterol and saturated fat (SF) screener with the cholesterol and SF intake, respectively, calculated from an extensive food frequency questionnaire. The validation results did not change when a weighed score was used instead of the simple one, indicating that a simple score does not introduce a higher amount of misclassification.
Enhanced reduction in oxidative stress and altered glutathione and thioredoxin system response to unsaturated fatty acid load in familial hypercholes…
2014
Abstract Objectives Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by increased oxidative stress (OS) levels. In the postprandial state, lipids and lipoproteins modulate OS status through their impact on pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate in patients with FH the response to an unsaturated oral fat load test (OFLT) by analyzing the mRNA levels of genes involved in the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems. Design and Methods We analyzed 14 FH patients and 20 normolipidemic and normoglycemic controls. In both groups, mRNA values of antioxidant enzyme genes (glutathione and thioredoxin systems) were determined at baseline and at 2…
Association between glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) and apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene polymorphisms and triacylglycerol concentrations in fast…
2008
Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Variation in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) genes has been associated with fasting plasma triacylglycerol. Objective: We investigated the combined effects of the GCKR rs780094C→T, APOA5 −1131T→C, and APOA5 56C→G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on fasting triacylglycerol in several independent populations and the response to a high-fat meal and fenofibrate interventions. Design: We used a cross-sectional design to investigate the association with fasting triacylglycerol in 8 populations from America, Asia, and Europe (n = 7730 men and women) and 2 intervention studies…
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene variants increase the risk of developing obesity and show gene-diet interactions.
2013
Thyroid hormone receptor-beta resistance has been associated with metabolic traits. THRA gene sequencing of an obese woman (index case) who presented as empirical thyroid hormone receptor-α (THRA) resistance, disclosed a polymorphism (rs12939700) in a critical region involved in TRα alternative processing.THRA gene variants were evaluated in three independent europid populations (i) in two population cohorts at baseline (n=3417 and n=2265), 6 years later (n=2139) and (ii) in 4734 high cardiovascular risk subjects (HCVR, PREDIMED trial).The minor allele of the index case polymorphism (rs12939700), despite having a very low frequency (4%), was significantly associated with higher body mass in…
Correlation between mortality trends of ischaemic cardiopathy and some nutritional factors in Spain 1968?1986
1992
After describing the evolution of mortality from ischaemic cardiopathy (IC) in Spain from 1951 to 1986, which is tending to stabilize in some age groups, and from cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), which is clearly declining, an attempt is made to relate these developments to the prevalence of the main risk factors (hypertension, cholesterol, tobacco) associated with IC and CVA. Certain advances, though of a limited number, have been made in recent years in the control of arterial hypertension in Spain, although campaigns on a national scale as in other countries have not been carried out. Regarding alimentary factors, there is an obvious increase in the consumption of food rich in proteins a…
Polymorphisms in the SCD1 gene are associated with indices of stearoyl CoA desaturase activity and obesity: a prospective study.
2013
Scope The serum fatty acid (FA) composition is influenced by dietary fat and the endogenous production of FAs. Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of MUFAs from saturated FAs. Variations in SCD1 activity have been associated with obesity, diabetes, or inflammation. We evaluated the associations between genetic variation of the SCD1 gene, SCD1 activity, intake of oil, and obesity in a population-based prospective study in southern Spain. Methods and results We collected phenotypic, metabolic, nutritional, and genetic information. The type of dietary fat was assessed from samples of cooking oil taken from the participants’ kitchens and analyze…