Search results for "Differences"

Gender differences in Italian STEM degree courses: a discrete-time competing-risks model

2020

In this paper, we highlight possible gender differences in performance of students attending Italian university STEM degree courses, controlling for sociodemographic and territorial variables.We used the micro-data from the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research database of the 2011-12 freshmen cohort enrolled at an Italian bachelor university degree course. The analysis was dealt with by fitting a discrete-time competing-risks model. Bachelor degree graduation, dropout, and change to non-STEM courses were considered as competing events. The aim is to highlight gender gaps in the student performance, and the STEM courses where this gap is more critical.

Are Women More Empathetic than Men? A Longitudinal Study in Adolescence

2009

Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women's greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empat…

Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

2003

The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany), Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with data collection and contributing significantly to the samples used in this study.

Evidence for shared environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits. A twin study

2019

Background and objectives: Behavior-genetic analyses have shown that measurements of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are genetically-influenced. In view of limited studies on ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Spanish samples, this study aims to explore the genetic architecture of ADHD symptoms; inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in a Spanish twin schoolchildren sample. Methods: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Symptoms of ADHD, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were assessed by means of a sub-scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Univariate twin models, according to sex, were run to assess the heritability of…

Student teachers’ responsible use of ICT: Examining two samples in Spain and Norway

2020

Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an important component of initial teacher education (ITE) in Europe and in the continuous professional development of practising teachers. The development of professional digital competence (PDC) is emerging as an essential part of teacher education. Due to the increasing use of ICT and the growing number of online teaching and learning resources, the responsible use of ICT has become one of the key aspects of PDC. For the purpose of this paper, the responsible use of ICT includes privacy issues, cyberbullying and the ability to evaluate digital content. We examine Spanish and Norwegian student teachers' perceived competence in priva…

Modified Operators Interpolating at Endpoints

2021

Some classical operators (e.g., Bernstein) preserve the affine functions and consequently interpolate at the endpoints. Other classical operators (e.g., Bernstein–Durrmeyer) have been modified in order to preserve the affine functions. We propose a simpler modification with the effect that the new operators interpolate at endpoints although they do not preserve the affine functions. We investigate the properties of these modified operators and obtain results concerning iterates and their limits, Voronovskaja-type results and estimates of several differences.

On the fractional probabilistic Taylor's and mean value theorems

2016

In order to develop certain fractional probabilistic analogues of Taylor's theorem and mean value theorem, we introduce the nth-order fractional equilibrium distribution in terms of the Weyl fractional integral and investigate its main properties. Specifically, we show a characterization result by which the nth-order fractional equilibrium distribution is identical to the starting distribution if and only if it is exponential. The nth-order fractional equilibrium density is then used to prove a fractional probabilistic Taylor's theorem based on derivatives of Riemann-Liouville type. A fractional analogue of the probabilistic mean value theorem is thus developed for pairs of nonnegative rand…

The Electoral Effects of Offshoring-Induced Mass-Layoffs: Germany in Comparative Perspective

2012

How does globalization’s impact on the labor market affect political preferences? This study takes up the strategy of a recent contribution (Margalit 2011a) and studies the local electoral effects of regional job losses due to offshoring. By applying the analytical strategy to German national elections in 2005 and 2009, it studies whether and how the finding on U.S. presidential elections travels to other contexts. Theoretically, the contribution adds a perspective suggested by previous research on the individual level political consequences of the globalization-labor market link that addresses the likely social policy preferences of globalization’s losers. Preliminary empirical results ind…

2014

Background : Social inequalities in health are a major and even growing problem in all European countries. Objective : The aim of the present study was to describe 1) differences in dietary habits among Norwegian adolescents by gender and socioeconomic status; 2) differences in self-reported knowledge of dietary guidelines among their parents according to socioeconomic status. Design : In 2012, a cross-sectional study where students filled in a web-based food frequency questionnaire at school was conducted in nine lower secondary schools in Vest-Agder County, Norway. Socioeconomic status (SES) and knowledge of dietary guidelines were obtained from the parents using a web-based questionnaire…

Trends in leisure time physical activity among young people in Finland, 1977—2007

2008

The decline in physical activity among young people has been discussed in the media during recent decades, although the scientific evidence for this has been scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate trends over 30 years in leisure time physical activity of Finnish boys and girls aged 12, 14, 16 and 18 years from 1977 to 2007. The data were obtained from the Finnish Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey. In the survey nationwide samples have been drawn every second year (number of respondents has varied from 2832 to 8390) since 1977. Leisure time physical activity was measured through questions concerning organized sport and unorganized leisure time physical activity. Participation…