Search results for "Differences"

Diferències entre sexes en la resposta cardiovascular, hormonal i psicològica a una competició: Variables moduladores i facilitadors de la victòria

2018

Competition is a social interaction where there is a confrontation between individuals or groups to achieve an objective. In our society competition is present transversally, with consequences for individuals. Therefore, competition is considered a social stressor able to elicit important psychobiological responses. From an evolutionary perspective, it has been suggested that, against stress situations, men would be more likely to fight-and-flight, while women would be more likely to tend-and-befriend strategies. Consequently, different psychobiological response to competition can be described depending on sex. A large proportion of studies on competition were based on the biosocial status …

Estimating regional differences in the utilization of labour resources

1993

This paper introduces a method for the analysis of regional differences in the utilization of labour resources. The method developed is a version of ‘components-of-change’ analysis in which labour force utilization in each regional labour market is compared with the sitation of a labour market with the highest level of utilization. The aggregate measure is split up into three components: open (registered) unemployment, hidden unemployment and underemployment. The effects of structural factors on aggregate differences are also estimated. In the empirical section the situation of Finnish provinces in 1989 is analysed within the framework developed. The results indicated the existence of large…

The Road to Higher Prices: Will Improved Road Standards Lead to Higher Housing Prices?

2020

AbstractWe study the impact of improved road standards on housing prices in a region of Southern Norway, where towns are located along the coast, like pearls on a string, with sparsely populated areas between the towns. In this region towns have since long been linked together by a road, but in 2009 a new highway, roughly parallel to the old road, was opened. The new highway runs Eastwards from the main town in the region and reduced one-way commutes to the main town by 10–15 min. We examine how this change in transportation infrastructure has affected housing prices, using difference-in-difference regressions to identify the impact of the new highway. Three smaller towns located East of th…

Gendered Pathways Toward STEM Careers: The Incremental Roles of Work Value Profiles Above Academic Task Values.

2018

Drawing on Eccles’ expectancy-value model of achievement-related choices, we examined how work values predict individual and gender differences in sciences, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) participations in early adulthood (ages of 25/27, 6 or 8 years after postsecondary school), controlling for subjective task values attached to academic subjects in late adolescence (11th grade, age 18). The study examined 1,259 Finnish participants using a person-oriented approach. Results showed that: (a) we could identify four profile groups based on five core work values (society, family, monetary, career prospects, and working with people); (b) work-value profiles predicted young adults actua…

The Affordances of Reading/Writing on Paper and Digitally in Finland

2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of digital technologies on reading and writing in Finland. The perceived affordances of reading and writing on paper and digitally are compared by analysing written essays collected from 25 communication students in 2013. Research design is replicated from a study of Fortunati and Vincent that concerns Italian students. Results show that Finnish students perceive more positive than negative affordances regarding reading on paper, while reading on screen attracts fewer virtues. In this respect, results are in line with the Italian study. Unlike in Italy, students in Finland value writing on a keyboard especially because it enables editing th…

2018

Recently, two forms of virtue-related humor, benevolent and corrective, have been introduced. Benevolent humor treats human weaknesses and wrongdoings benevolently, while corrective humor aims at correcting and bettering them. Twelve marker items for benevolent and corrective humor (the BenCor) were developed, and it was demonstrated that they fill the gap between humor as temperament and virtue. The present study investigates responses to the BenCor from 25 samples in 22 countries (overall N = 7,226). The psychometric properties of the BenCor were found to be sufficient in most of the samples, including internal consistency, unidimensionality, and factorial validity. Importantly, benevolen…

Editorial: Face Perception across the Life-Span

2016

Design and Validation of the Brief Self Online Scale (SO-8) in Early Adolescence: An Exploratory Study

2020

For the Z-Generation, the Internet has become a very important experimentation laboratory for the discovery and validation of their identity. Despite the importance of the process of building the self in the adolescent, there are hardly any validated instruments that measure the self online. The aim of this research was to design and validate the Brief Self Online Scale (SO-8). A total of 843 students (384 boys, 45.6%), with an age range of 10 to 14 years participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the hypothesized model of two correlated factors (Online Self-Perception and Online Idealized Projection), previously obtained through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The relia…

Social comparisons at work as related to a cooperative social climate and to individual differences in social comparison orientation

2005

This study examined the frequency of social comparisons in a work setting, and the feelings that these comparisons evoked. These processes were related to individual differences in social comparison orientation, and to the perception of a cooperative social climate at work. The participants were 216 physicians from various health centers in the Community of Valencia in Spain. In general, upward comparisons occurred more often, and elicited more positive and less negative affect than downward comparisons. Those high in social comparison orientation reported relatively more upward as well as downward comparisons, more positive affect after downward comparisons, and more negative affect after …

More hours, more jobs? The employment effects of longer working hours

2014

Increases in standard hours of work have been a contentious policy issue in Germany. Whilst this might directly lead to a substitution of workers by hours, there may also be a positive employment effect due to reduced costs. Moreover, the response of firms may differ between firms that offer overtime and those that do not. For a panel of German plants (2001–2006) drawn from the IAB Establishment Panel, we are the first to analyse the effect of increased standard hours on employment. Using difference-in-difference methods we find that, consistent with theory, overtime plants showed a significant positive employment response, whilst for standard-time plants there is no difference between plan…