Search results for "Differential"
showing 10 items of 6566 documents
Fibromyalgia and arthritides
2012
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome that affects at least 2% of the adult population. It is characterised by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep alterations and distress, and emerging evidence suggests a central nervous system (CNS) malfunction that increases pain transmission and perception. FM is often associated with other diseases that act as confounding and aggravating factors, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritides (SpA), osteoarthritis (OA) and thyroid disease. Mechanism-based FM management should consider both peripheral and central pain, including effects due to cerebral input and that come from the descending inhibitory pathways. Rheumatologists should be able…
What Is the Role of Dietary Inflammation in Severe Mental Illness? A Review of Observational and Experimental Findings
2019
Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, are associated with increased inflammation. Given diet's role in modulating inflammatory processes, excessive calorie-dense, nutrient-deficient processed food intake may contribute toward the heightened inflammation observed in SMI. This review assesses the evidence from observational and experimental studies to investigate how diet may affect physical and mental health outcomes in SMI through inflammation-related pathways. Cross-sectional studies indicate that individuals with SMI, particularly schizophrenia, consume more pro-inflammatory foods and fewer anti-inflammatory nutrients than…
Oropharyngeal Hairy Polyp: A Case of Respiratory Failure in a Newborn
2020
Hairy polyps, also known as dermoid polyps (DPs), are rare benign cystic lesions of bigerminal origin that may occur in several head and neck regions, including the oropharynx. Despite their benign histopathological nature, DPs may be life threatening, due to their upper airway location, and DPs represent one of the most unusual causes of respiratory distress during the neonatal period. In this paper, we describe a case of respiratory failure in a newborn with an oropharyngeal mass that was accidentally found during difficult intubation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a well-defined soft tissue pedunculated mass, arising from the left oropharynx wall, consistent with an oropharyn…
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Erectile Dysfunction among Married Men in Vietnam
2017
Background Sexuality is an essential part of life; however, erectile dysfunction (ED) has been one of the most common complaints among men with sexual health issues all over the world. ED includes dysfunction in erection and penile erectile pain. In Vietnam, ED is a subject a not readily discussed. Thus, relatively little is known about ED among Vietnamese men. Aims To identify the prevalence of ED and its associated variables and the need for treatment of ED among married men in Vietnam. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total sample size included 746 married men, aged 20–60 years, living in four representative wards of the Hue City and randomly selected by systematic sampling me…
Psychiatric Problems in Adolescence Mediate the Association Between Childhood Learning Disabilities and Later Well-Being
2021
This follow-up study investigated the associations of childhood learning disabilities (LDs) with adult-age anxiety, depression, and unemployment. Psychosocial problems in childhood and psychiatric diagnoses and lack of education in adolescence were studied as potential mediators, and gender and mother’s education were studied as potential moderators of these associations. Data on childhood clinical neuropsychological assessments and lifelong register data on individuals with childhood LD ( n = 430; 301 [70%] males; 20–39 years of age) and matched controls ( n = 2,149) were applied. Mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling. Childhood LDs exerted a significant, bu…
Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: a meta-analysis
2015
Background\ud Research documents a strong relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. However, only few studies have examined the specific effects of various types of childhood abuse/neglect on depression. This meta-analysis estimated the associations between depression and different types of childhood maltreatment (antipathy, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse) assessed with the same measure, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview.\ud \ud Method\ud A systematic search in scientific databases included use of CECA interview and strict clinical assessment for major depression as criteria. Our meta-analysis utilized Cohen's d and…
Depression subtyping based on evolutionary psychiatry: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions
2018
Major depressive disorder constitutes one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. However, it is not a unitary disease-it is a heterogeneous syndrome, with patients differing remarkably in symptom profile, pathophysiology and treatment responsiveness. Previous attempts to subtype major depressive disorder have showed limited clinical applicability. We present a classification of major depressive disorder episodes based on the proximate mechanisms that led to the original mood change that caused the depressive episode. We identify discrete depression subtypes that are induced by: 1) infection, 2) long-term stress, 3) loneliness, 4) traumatic experience, 5) hierarchy conflict, 6) grief…
The Spanish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R): Reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy, and sensitivity to treatment e…
2013
Abstract This study examines the psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) in Spanish and Argentinean samples. 90 OCD patients, 31 with non-OCD anxiety disorders and 84 non-clinical individuals completed the Spanish version of the OCI-R along with other OCD, depression, anxiety, and OCD-related cognition measures. The OCI-R showed significant associations with both OCD severity and other OCD symptom measures, beyond the relationships with depression, anxiety, and worry. The questionnaire also differentiated OCD from other anxiety disorders, except on the ordering and hoarding subscales. The relationships between the OCI-R subscales and dysfunctional belie…
Trastornos del estado de ánimo al final de la vida: ¿desmoralización o depresión?
2008
This paper analyzes problems that result in an alteration of mood, particularly in the sadness found in people with a serious physical illness at the end of life. The problems and implications of an faulty diagnosis, the confusions associated with a diagnosis of depression, and the importance of differen-tiation between “normal” mood reactions to illness, and pathological reactions, are analyzed. Several studies are reviewed and analyzed that propose the incorporation of a new syndrome to the traditional psychiatric classifications: demoralization. Finally the implications, advantages, and inconveniences of including a demoralization syndrome are discussed.
A Systematic Review on Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Research in Public Mental Health During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Crisis
2021
Background:Sex and gender are important modifiers of mental health and behavior in normal times and during crises. We investigated whether they were addressed by empirical, international research that explored the mental health and health behavior ramifications after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:We systematically searched the databases PsyArXiv, PubMed, PsycInfo, Psyndex, PubPsych, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies assessing mental health outcomes (main outcomes) as well as potential risk and protective health behavior (additional outcomes) up to July 2, 2020.Findings:Most of the 80 publications fulfilling the selection criteria reflected the static difference p…