Search results for "Diffusion"
showing 10 items of 1615 documents
Commensurability between Element Symmetry and the Number of Skyrmions Governing Skyrmion Diffusion in Confined Geometries
2020
Magnetic skyrmions are topological magnetic structures, which exhibit quasi-particle properties and can show enhanced stability against perturbation from thermal noise. Recently, thermal Brownian diffusion of these quasi-particles has been found in continuous films and applications in unconventional computing have received significant attention, which however require structured elements. Thus, as the next necessary step, we here study skyrmion diffusion in confined geometries and find it to be qualitatively different: The diffusion is governed by the interplay between the total number of skyrmions and the structure geometry. In particular, we ascertain the effect of circular and triangular …
Interface enhancement of Gilbert damping from first-principles
2014
The enhancement of Gilbert damping observed for Ni_{80}Fe_{20} (Py) films in contact with the nonmagnetic metals Cu, Pd, Ta, and Pt is quantitatively reproduced using first-principles scattering calculations. The "spin-pumping" theory that qualitatively explains its dependence on the Py thickness is generalized to include a number of extra factors known to be important for spin transport through interfaces. Determining the parameters in this theory from first principles shows that interface spin flipping makes an essential contribution to the damping enhancement. Without it, a much shorter spin-flip diffusion length for Pt would be needed than the value we calculate independently.
Molecular-dynamics computer simulation of crystal growth and melting in Al 50 Ni 50
2008
The melting and crystallization of Al50Ni50} are studied by means of molecular dynamics computer simulations, using a potential of the embedded atom type to model the interactions between the particles. Systems in a slab geometry are simulated where the B2 phase of AlNi in the middle of an elongated simulation box is separated by two planar interfaces from the liquid phase, thereby considering the (100) crystal orientation. By determining the temperature dependence of the interface velocity, an accurate estimate of the melting temperature is provided. The value k=0.0025 m/s/K for the kinetic growth coefficient is found. This value is about two orders of magnitude smaller than that found in …
Reptation and constraint release
1991
Abstract The reptation and constraint release models are discussed by considering three recent experimental examples: (1) the diffusion of hydrogenated polybutadiene in matrices of molecular weights raning between 1 ⩽ Mw / Me ⩽ 253; (2) the diffusion of polystyrene (PS) chains in matrices of star branched PS; (3) the diffusion of very long PS chains in chemically cross-linked PS-networks. It is concluded that the reptation and constraint release models are applicable, but ‘constraint release’ should be understood in a wider sense allowing for non-reptative removal of barriers to lateral chain motion. The analysis of the third example proves that lateral modes of motion have a negligible inf…
Structure of metastable 2D liquid helium
2007
We present diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) results on a novel, superfluid phase in two-dimensional 4He at densities higher than 0.065 A-2, which is very close to the freezing density. The new phase has anisotropic, hexatic orbital order, but the single-particle density remains constant. By increasing density the hexatic superfluid forms a metastable state, which lies above the crystal ground state in energy. This implies that the liquid-solid phase transition takes place in two stages: a second-order phase transition from the isotropic superfluid to the hexatic superfluid, followed by a first-order transition that localizes atoms into the triangular crystal order.
Nonequilibrium effective temperature of superfluid vortex tangle
2006
An effective nonequilibrium temperature in counterflow superfluid turbulence is proposed, as a parameter characterizing a canonical probability distribution function of vortex orientation, and relating the diffusion coefficient of vortex lines to the vortex friction through an Einstein relation.
Mobility, interdiffusion, and tracer diffusion in lattice-gas models of two-component alloys
1989
The transport properties of lattice-gas models of alloys with two particle species are studied. The numbers of the particles and vacancies are conserved, and the two particle species have different exchange rates with the vacancies. The mobility and interdiffusion is described by the linear Onsager theory of transport. The Onsager coefficients are estimated from numerical simulations of the mobilities. A recently proposed relation between the Onsager coefficients of the random-alloy model is verified. The interdiffusion of the two species is directly monitored in the simulations; it is well described by the estimated Onsager coefficients. The results on interdiffusion are compared with simu…
Anisotropic motion of toluene above and below the glass transition studied by 2H NMR
1995
Abstract 2 H nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation experiments on two selectively deuterated toluene molecules have been performed over a wide temperature range, spanning liquid and glassy states, to examine anisotropic molecular dynamics. In the liquid regime, the relaxation data are analyzed by the model of anisotropic rotational diffusion. A more phenomenological ansatz is used for the whole temperature regime to obtain information about anisotropic reorientation and its temperature dependence. We find that the anisotropy is reduced in the supercooled state and the motion becomes approximately isotropic below 140 K which is interpreted as the onset of cooperative reorientati…
Computer Simulations for Polymer Dynamics
1991
In this paper we review recent work on the dynamics of polymeric systems using computer simulation methods. For a two-dimensional polymer melt, we show that the chains segregate and the dynamics can be described very well by the Rouse model. This simulation was carried out using the bond fluctuation Monte Carlo method. For three-dimensional (3d) melts and for the study of hydrodynamic effects, we use a molecular dynamics simulation. For 3d melts our results strongly support the concept of reptation. A detailed comparison to experiment shows that we can predict the time and length scales for the onset of reptation for a variety of polymeric liquids. For a single chain, we find the expected h…
Anomalous diffusion of polymers in supercooled melts near the glass transition
2007
Two coarse-grained models for polymer chains in dense melts near the glass transition are investigated: the bond fluctuation lattice model, where long bonds are energetically favored, is studied by dynamic Monte Carlo simulation, and an off-lattice bead-spring model with Lennard-Jones forces between the beads is treated by Molecular Dynamics. We compare the time-dependence of the mean square displacements of both models, and show that they become very similar on mesoscopic scales (i.e., displacements larger than a bond length). The slowing down of motions near the glass transition is discussed in terms of the mode coupling theory and other concepts.