Search results for "Dilator"
showing 10 items of 273 documents
A model-based approach for assessing bronchodilator responsiveness in children: The conventional cutoff revisited
2020
An increase in FEV1 >=12% has been proposed in international guidelines as a clue to airway reversibility for diagnosing asthma in both adults and children. However, the validity of this cut-off has been questioned in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to provide evidence that different cut-off values in BDR may be associated with better performance in discriminating among outpatient children with naïve asthma (A) and without asthma (NA). We compared three approaches: i) the conventional cutoff (12%); ii) the cut-off estimated by Youden's criteria; and iii) the cut-off based on a model-driven approach. we found that the conventional cut-off of 12% showed poor sensitivity in…
Dry adsorbed emulsion: 2. Dissolution behaviour of an intricate formulation
2002
The behaviour of a pharmaceutical form, called dry adsorbed emulsion (DAE), containing a sparingly soluble drug (i.e. theophylline) was studied for dissolution drug release kinetic, in relation with DAE structure characterisation. In vitro dissolution testings were performed under different experimental conditions (medium at pH 1.2 and 7.4, medium with or without surfactant addition, different particle sizes, discrete or densified particles). Discrete DAE particles showed an extended release, in comparison with the native drug powder, depending on both drug solubility in the medium and particle size. The relevance of dissolution data was not improved by surfactant addition (0.1% sodium laur…
Transcutol containing vesicles for topical delivery of minoxidil
2010
The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of Transcutol (Trc) to produce elastic vesicles with soy lecithin (SL) and study the influence of the obtained vesicles on in vitro (trans)dermal delivery of minoxidil. To this purpose, so-called penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) were prepared using Trc aqueous solutions (5-10-20-30% v/v) as hydrophilic phase. SL liposomes, without Trc, were used as control. Prepared formulations were characterized in terms of size distribution, morphology, zeta potential, deformability, and rheological behavior. The influence of the obtained PEVs on (trans)dermal delivery of minoxidil was studied by in vitro diffusion experiments through pig sk…
Profile of glycopyrronium for once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD
2012
Bronchodilators are central in the symptomatic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β(2)-agonists (LABAs) are the main classes of long-acting bronchodilators. To date, tiotropium is the only once-daily LAMA available for the treatment of COPD. Glycopyrronium is a novel LAMA, currently in development for COPD. Phase II studies have shown that glycopyrronium 50 μg once daily provides clinically significant 24-hour bronchodilation with a rapid onset of action, which is faster than that of tiotropium, and a favorable safety and tolerability profile. The Phase III GLycopyrronium bromide in COPD airWays (GLOW) progr…
Effects of aclidinium on determinants of COPD severity: symptoms and quality of life
2016
Marco Contoli,1 Paolo Solidoro,2 Fabiano Di Marco,3,4 Nicola Scichilone,5 Angelo Corsico,6 Fulvio Braido,7 Pierachille Santus4,8 1Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 2Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute, Turin, Italy; 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 4Respiratory Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonology (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 6Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; 7Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of G…
Organic Nitrate Therapy, Nitrate Tolerance, and Nitrate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Emphasis on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress
2015
Abstract Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin (GTN), isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), when given acutely, have potent vasodilator effects improving symptoms in patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, or arterial hypertension. The mechanisms underlying vasodilation include the release of •NO or a related compound in response to intracellular bioactivation (for GTN, the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH-2]) and activation of the enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase. Increasing cyclic guanosine-3′,-5′-monophosphate (cGMP) levels lead to an activation of…
Biochemistry and pharmacology of novel anthranilic acid derivatives activating heme-oxidized soluble guanylyl cyclase.
2005
The heme-enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is an ubiquitous NO receptor, which mediates NO downstream signaling by the generation of cGMP. We studied the mechanism of action of the anthranilic acid derivatives 5-chloro-2-(5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino-N-(4-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenyl)-benzamide sodium salt (HMR1766) (proposed international nonproprietary name, ataciguat sodium) and 2-(4-chloro-phenylsulfonylamino)-4,5-dimethoxy-N-(4-(thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenyl)-benzamide (S3448) as a new class of sGC agonists. Both compounds activated different sGC preparations (purified from bovine lung, or crude from human corpus cavernosum) in a concentration-dependent and quickly reve…
Degradation of phosphatidylethanol counteracts the apparent phospholipase D-mediated formation in heart and other organs.
2003
Phosphatidylalcohols, such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are formed from phosphatidylcholine in the presence of a primary alcohol (e.g., ethanol). This 'transphosphatidylation' reaction is used as specific phospholipase D (PLD) assay. Accumulation of PEth in tissues is recognized as a reliable measure of PLD activity, as PEth is allegedly metabolically stable. The general validity of this assumption was reinvestigated in isolated rat heart, small intestine and brain slices. The half-times of 3H-PEth degradation (labelled with 3H-myristic acid and preformed by ethanol exposure for 30 min) were about 1 h in heart and small intestine, but 17 h in brain. As the formation of PEth is superimpose…
2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism
2014
ACS : acute coronary syndrome AMPLIFY : Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis as First-line Therapy aPTT : activated partial thromboplastin time b.i.d. : bis in diem (twice daily) b.p.m. : beats per minute BNP : brain natriuretic peptide BP : blood pressure CI : confidence interval CO : cardiac output COPD : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPG : Committee for Practice Guidelines CRNM : clinically relevant non-major CT : computed tomographic/tomogram CTEPH : chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CUS : compression venous ultrasonography DSA : digital subtraction angiography DVT : deep vein thrombosis ELISA : enzyme-linked immunosorben…
Vazodilatācijas intensitātes un insulīna rezistences rādītāju saistība ar endoteliālo (dis)funkciju raksturojošo signālmolekulu koncentrācijām hronis…
2013
ANOTĀCIJA Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot smēķēšanas ierosināta iekaisuma un oksidatīvā stresa ietekmi uz insulīna rezistences un endotēlija disfunkcijas attīstību un to savstarpējo sakarību. Pētījumā piedalījās 128 dalībnieki (starp kuriem 52 personām konstatējām dislipidēmiju), kuriem tika noteiktas ar endotēlija funkcijām saistītu signālmolekulu seruma koncentrācijas, vazodilatācijas intensitāte ādas mikrocirkulācijā un insulīna rezistenci raksturojoši rādītāji. Rezultāti parādīja, ka smēķēšanas kumulatīvais efekts būtiski sekmē insulīna rezistences attīstību personām ar dislipidēmiju, bet smēķēšanas akūtais efekts caur iekaisuma signālmolekulām īslaicīgi samazina šūnu insulīna jutību neat…