Search results for "Directive"

HUMAN SMUGGLING AND IRREGULAR IMMIGRATION IN THE EU: FROM COMPLICITY TO EXPLOITATION?

2016

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the EU and the UN to the fight against smuggling. The two approaches are considerably different; and, since the one in the UN documents is more respectful of the smuggled migrants' rights, the paper suggests that a similar approach should also be embraced by the EU documents.

New European legislation on pharmacovigilance

2011

TheEuropeanParliament and theCouncil of the EuropeanUnion have recently adoptedRegulation (EU) No 1235/20101 and Directive 2010/84/EU2 concerning the pharmacovigilance of medicinal products for human use. These and other European institutions have been laying down rules on the subject for decades, but this is the first time they have enacted legislation specifically and (almost) exclusively regulating pharmacovigilance. This paper analyzes the context, causes, objectives, key points and challenges of the new legislation.

Application of the new multimetric MMI_PL index for biological water quality assessment in reference and human-impacted streams (Poland, the Slovak R…

2014

Abstract A new multimetric MMI_PL index, which is based on the macroinvertebrate composition and combines six single key metrics, has already been implemented in Poland according to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. The objectives of our survey were to assess the biological water quality using the new multimetric MMI_PL index in both reference and human-impacted streams, to analyze whether the values of the new multimetric index properly reflect the ecological status of the water in upland and mountain streams as well as to determine which environmental factors influence the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and the values of the metrics. The study was carried o…

Uncertainty assessment of an integrated urban drainage model

2009

Over the last few years, the use of mathematical models has gained importance in urban drainage system management; indeed, such models enable the combined analysis of different components that constitute a drainage system; the sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and the receiving water body. The effectiveness of an integrated approach has been widely demonstrated in the past and is presented in the EU Water Framework Directive, which also introduces a new point of view regarding the water quality management of the whole system, requiring a global analysis at the river basin scale for pollutant sources. However, integrated urban drainage models introduce several uncertain factors that a…

Comparing long term sediment records to current biological quality element data – Implications for bioassessment and management of a eutrophic lake

2012

Defining reference conditions for lakes situated in areas of human settlement and agriculture is rarely straightforward, and is especially difficult within easily eroding and nutrient rich watersheds. We used diatoms, cyanobaterial akinetes, remains of green algae and chironomid head capsules from sediment samples of Lake Kirmanjarvi, Finland, to assess its deviation from the initial ecological status. These site-specific records of change were compared to current type-specific ecological status assessment. All paleolimnological data indicated deviation from natural conditions and mirrored the current, monitoring-based assessment of “moderate” ecological lake status. However, the sediment d…

Lessons from the 2018-2019 European droughts : a collective need for unifying drought risk management

2022

Funding Information: This open-access publication was funded by the University of Freiburg. Funding Information: Financial support. The project is supported by the Wassernetzwerk Baden-Württemberg (Water Research Network of the State Baden-Württemberg), which is funded by the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg (Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of the State Baden-Württemberg) (grant no. AZ. 7532.21/2.1.6) and Maa-ja vesitekniikan tuki ry foundation. Doris E. Wendt acknowledges her support as part of the NERC-funded Groundwater Drought Initiative (NE/R004994/1). Lucy J. Barker was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R016429/1) a…

Are mandatory non-financial disclosures credible? Evidence from Italian listed companies

2020

According to the Directive 2014/95/EU on non‐financial information (NFI), from 2017 onwards, large companies of member states must provide social, environmental, and governance disclosures. This paper, focusing on the evaluation of the credibility of NFI in Italy after the implementation of the EU Directive, aims to investigate whether making non‐financial disclosures (NFDs) obligatory affect their credibility. From a theoretical perspective of material legitimacy theory, we investigated the NFDs of the 31 FTSE MIB Italian listed companies for the 2017 fiscal year. Through a meaning‐oriented content analysis, we developed a self‐constructed credibility index applying an operational framewor…

Crisis of Privacy and Sacrifice of Personal Data in the Name of National Security: The CJEU Rulings Strengthening EU Data Protection Standards

2017

Snowden’s surveillance revelations in 2013 raised the issue of privacy and security in the public spotlight. These revelations underlined the need for strong data protection framework. At the same time, the pressing demand to address security concerns and the threat of terrorist attacks might weaken privacy and data protection standards. Two landmark judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the CJEU), namely, the Digital rights Ireland judgment which invalidates Data Retention Directive, and the Schrems judgment which invalidates Safe Harbour Decision forming a legal basis for transatlantic data transfers are of great significance in strengthening the rights to privacy and d…

Protection of privacy in the EU, individual rights and legal instruments

2014

Insurance Supervisory Law and Consumer Protection

2015

This chapter discusses the relationship between insurance supervisory law and consumer protection within the ambit of Solvency II and the EIOPA system. To this, the article focuses on existing laws, with particular regard given to European rules on insurance supervision. The Solvency II Directive takes as its exclusive objective the protection of insureds and insurance beneficiaries. Solvency II does not address consumer protection. Nevertheless, consumer protection is a significant by-product of the Solvency II rules, in the sense of collective consumer protection. The EIOPA Regulation provisions, too, address consumer protection solely in the realm of collective consumer protection. The a…