Search results for "Directive"

Investigator-initiated trials of targeted oncology agents: why independent research is at risk?

2010

Background: Drug development traditionally has relied upon the complementary contributions of clinicians and scientists at academic institutions and at pharmaceutical companies. Greater regulatory burdens, increased bureaucratic requirements, restricted reimbursement, and spiralling research and development costs are exerting pressure on the drug development pipeline. The result is a de-emphasis of exploratory research, particularly independent academic research, despite its proven value in identifying new drug targets and developing innovative cancer therapies. Design: An expert panel assembled by the Biotherapy Development Association-a nonprofit international forum for academic and indus…

Labour Mobility in Construction: European Implications of the Laval un Partneri Dispute with Swedish Labour

2006

The accession to the European Union of new member states from central and eastern Europe, with weak trade union movements, poorly developed social dialogue and inferior working conditions, has been viewed as a threat to regulated labour standards in the EU-15. This article examines a high-profile labour dispute arising from the conditions of Latvian construction contract labour in Sweden. The dispute exposes weaknesses in the protective floor of minimum standards offered by the posted workers Directive. It also goes to the core of the debate about the preservation of a ‘European social model’ and the proposed Services Directive.

Round Table. Nordic unions and the European Minimum Wage Directive

2022

Mediation in Spain: Novelties Derived from the Boost of the European Legislator

2015

This paper seeks to analyse the Act 5/2012, of 6 July of mediation in civil and commercial matters, which has resulted in the definite incorporation to the Spanish legal system of Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008. This law intends to enhance the access to mediation as a way of dispute resolution between private parties, which, while it had been already in practice in some Autonomous Communities in certain matters, lacked of a specific normative body to regulate it. The law is certainly limited in regulating certain aspects of mediation, whereas in some other aspects it still raises some concerns. All of these questions are to be examined in t…

Effects of PSD2 on security architecture of mobile banking : a review of literature

2017

This thesis aims to find out the changes that the Payment Service Directive (PSD2) will bring to the security architecture of mobile banking. PSD2 will create a situation where security mechanisms are separated from the actual banking application. Payment service providers must provide their Application Programming Interface for third party developers to give them access to authentication of payment transactions. PSD2 requires payments service providers to offer strong customer authentication with separate authentication mechanism from the banking application. This thesis found that academic literature about the security architecture of mobile banking does not provide a model where a separa…

Carte di pagamento con funzione contactless, uso non autorizzato e responsabilità dei prestatori di servizi di pagamento

2021

The essay addresses the topic of technological evolution in the payment system, focusing on the figure of contactless payment cards and the issue of unauthorized use by the holder. Having defined the discipline of payment instruments and the liability regime of payment service providers under the PSD2, the contribution examines the decision of the ECJ in the Deniz Bank case. It makes some critical remarks with respect to the methodological approach of the Court, marked by an unjustified interpretative formalism and li le inclined to an exegesis based on the parameter of efficiency, according to the models offered by Economic Analysis of Law.

Religious Organizations and Local Self-government Units as Entities Cooperating in The Enforcement of Criminal Judgements

2019

Związki wyznaniowe oraz jednostki samorządu terytorialnego to podmioty współdziałające w wykonywaniu kar, środków karnych, kompensacyjnych, zabezpieczających, zapobiegawczych oraz przepadku. Można je również traktować w kategoriach organów społecznej kontroli nad wykonywaniem tych orzeczeń. Współdziałanie takich podmiotów uzyskało rangę dyrektywy ustawowej i służyć ma readaptacji społecznej skazanych i zapobieganiu przestępczości. W przypadku przedstawicieli związków wyznaniowych współdziałanie posiada także charakter wychowawczy i poprawczy. Religious organizations and local self-government units are entities cooperating in the implementation of penalties, penal, compensatory, protective a…

L’évolution historique et théorique de l’information des entreprises: Prémisses pour une perspective généraliste dans l’étude du Reporting (The Theor…

2020

French Abstract: Avec la transposition en droit national de la directive 2014/95 /UE sur la divulgation d’informations non financieres par les grandes entreprises, la responsabilite sociale et environnementale a pris une nouvelle importance dans le recent debat comptable. Cet article s’eloigne notamment des developpements de ce sujet dans la Ragioneria italienne et dans la Comptabilite francaise venant proposer une approche generaliste du reporting d’entreprise englobant les deux types d’informations, financieres et non financieres. D’un point de vue historique, le theme de la responsabilite sociale et environnementale s’est progressivement developpe au XXe siecle, la recherche italienne et…

A Survey of Danish, German and Spanish Ethics Committees Prior to the 2004 Implementation of the European Directive Covering the International Confer…

2005

Objective and methods In January 2000, a written questionnaire was provided to ethics committees in Denmark, Germany and Spain in order to collect information on the main characteristics and percentages of committees fulfilling Good Clinical Practices (GCP) in accordance with the International Conference of Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The committees were also asked to outline their clinical trial-related activities throughout 1999.

Available Defences for Defendants in the Provisional Measures in Europe: Between Theory and Practice

2014

The EU Enforcement Directive provides a set of provisional measures to be applied by a request of a right-holder of a particular object of intellectual property. Simultaneously, the EU Enforcement Directive envisages a set of defences for an alleged infringer in order to safeguard the balance of parties. This article discusses available defences for an alleged infringer in provisional measures as provided by the EU Member States when norms of the EU Enforcement Directive are transposed in conjuncture with the available court practice. Specifically, the present article focuses not only on the threshold of evidence to be presented by a plaintiff for application of provisional measures but als…