Search results for "Disc"
showing 10 items of 19256 documents
Externalized decondensed neutrophil chromatin occludes pancreatic ducts and drives pancreatitis
2016
Ductal occlusion has been postulated to precipitate focal pancreatic inflammation, while the nature of the primary occluding agents has remained elusive. Neutrophils make use of histone citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PADI4) in contact to particulate agents to extrude decondensed chromatin as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In high cellular density, NETs form macroscopically visible aggregates. Here we show that such aggregates form inside pancreatic ducts in humans and mice occluding pancreatic ducts and thereby driving pancreatic inflammation. Experimental models indicate that PADI4 is critical for intraductal aggregate formation and that PADI4-deficiency abrogates…
Low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) improves metaphyseal fracture healing in an osteoporotic rat model.
2017
Purpose As result of the current demographic changes, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are becoming an increasing social and economic burden. In this experimental study, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), was evaluated as a treatment option for the improvement of osteoporotic fracture healing. Methods A well-established fracture model in the metaphyseal tibia in the osteoporotic rat was used. 132 animals were divided into 11 groups, with 12 animals each, consisting of one sham-operated group and 10 ovariectomized (osteoporotic) groups, of which 9 received ESWT treatment. Different energy flux intensities (0.15 mJ/mm2, 0.35 mJ/mm2, or 0.55 mJ/mm2) as well as different numbers o…
ESI-MS2and Anti-inflammatory Studies of Cyclopropanic Triterpenes. UPLC-ESI-MS and MS2Search of Related Metabolites fromDonella ubanguiensis
2016
Introduction Triterpenes are one of the largest secondary metabolites groups spread in the plant kingdom with various skeletons. These metabolites have showed various bioactivities including anti-inflammatory activity. Objective The study aims to explore the mass spectrometry fragmentation of donellanic acids A-C (DA A–C), three compounds identified from Donella ubanguiensis; in addition, the fragmentation behaviour of these metabolites will serve as a fingerprint to search and characterise triterpenes congeners in fruits, bark and wood crude extracts of D. ubanguiensis. This work was prompted by the anti-inflammatory activity on leukocyte migration, exudate concentrations and myeloperoxida…
Are the Myokines the Mediators of Physical Activity-Induced Health Benefits?
2016
BACKGROUND: The concept of the muscle as a secretory organ, developed during the last decades, partially answers to the issue of how the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and distant tissues happens. The beneficial effects of exercise transcend the simple improved skeletal muscle functionality: systemic responses to exercise have been observed in distal organs like heart, kidney, brain and liver. Increasing data have accumulated regarding the synthesis, the kinetics of release and the biological roles of muscular cytokines, now called myokines. The most recent techniques have meaningfully improved the identification of the muscle cell secretome, but several issues regarding the extent of se…
Flux flow spin Hall effect in type-II superconductors with spin-splitting field
2019
We predict the very large spin Hall effect in type-II superconductors which mechanism is drastically different from the previously known ones. We find that in the flux-flow regime the spin is transported by the spin-polarized Abrikosov vortices moving under the action of the Lorenz force in the direction perpendicular to the applied electric current. Due to the large vortex velocities the spin Hall angle can be of the order of unity in realistic systems based on the high-field superconductors or the recently developed superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator proximity structures. We propose the realization of high-frequency pure spin current generator based on the periodic structure of moving…
Genome-wide association study between CNVs and milk production traits in Valle del Belice sheep.
2019
Copy number variation (CNV) is a major source of genomic structural variation. The aim of this study was to detect genomic CNV regions (CNVR) in Valle del Belice dairy sheep population and to identify those affecting milk production traits. The GO analysis identified possible candidate genes and pathways related to the selected traits. We identified CNVs in 416 individuals genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip array. The CNV association using a correlation-trend test model was examined with the Golden Helix SVS 8.7.0 tool. Significant CNVs were detected when their adjusted p-value was <0.01 after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. We identified 7,208 CNVs, which gave 365 C…
Integrative analysis of structural variations using short-reads and linked-reads yields highly specific and sensitive predictions.
2020
Genetic diseases are driven by aberrations of the human genome. Identification of such aberrations including structural variations (SVs) is key to our understanding. Conventional short-reads whole genome sequencing (cWGS) can identify SVs to base-pair resolution, but utilizes only short-range information and suffers from high false discovery rate (FDR). Linked-reads sequencing (10XWGS) utilizes long-range information by linkage of short-reads originating from the same large DNA molecule. This can mitigate alignment-based artefacts especially in repetitive regions and should enable better prediction of SVs. However, an unbiased evaluation of this technology is not available. In this study, w…
Shikonin Prevents Early Phase Inflammation Associated with Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colon Cancer and Induces Apoptosis in Human Co…
2018
Shikonin is the main active principle in the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Recent research highlights shikonin's antitumor properties and capacity to prevent acute ulcerative colitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of shikonin to prevent, in vivo, the early phases of colorectal cancer development, with special focus on its cytotoxic mechanism in vitro. We employed the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis in Balb/C mice. Body weight and drinking were monitored throughout the experiment, and length of colon and lesions of the colon were recorded o…
Formulation, development and characterization of a novel functional fruit snack based on fig (Ficus carica L.) coated with sugar-free chocolate
2020
The aim of the present investigation was to explore the possibility of developing a fruit snack formulation based on dried fig powder and chocolate-coated. Dried Fig (Ficus carica L.) powder with a maximum particle size of 354 μm and the lowest compaction force was formulated as the core. Persian gum was prepared at the concentrations of 1.5, 2 and 2.5% and xanthan gum was prepared at the levels of 0.25, 0.39 and 0.54% as the middle layer to the coating of the core. Regarding rheological assessments, sugar-free chocolate containing 29.3% isomalt was selected for the coating of the outer chocolate shell in the entitled snack. Textural analysis showed that coating of the core with hydrocolloi…
Biophysics of high density nanometer regions extracted from super-resolution single particle trajectories: application to voltage-gated calcium chann…
2019
AbstractThe cellular membrane is very heterogenous and enriched with high-density regions forming microdomains, as revealed by single particle tracking experiments. However the organization of these regions remain unexplained. We determine here the biophysical properties of these regions, when described as a basin of attraction. We develop two methods to recover the dynamics and local potential wells (field of force and boundary). The first method is based on the local density of points distribution of trajectories, which differs inside and outside the wells. The second method focuses on recovering the drift field that is convergent inside wells and uses the transient field to determine the…