Search results for "Disorders"
showing 10 items of 4560 documents
Zaburzenia neurorozwojowe. Zmiany w podejściu teoretycznym i diagnostycznym
2019
Na potrzeby diagnozy i terapii powstały typologie medyczne o zasięgu ogólnoświatowym. Do najbardziej znanych i powszechnie stosowanych zalicza się ICD (ang. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) – Międzynarodową Statystyczną Klasyfikację Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych ICD oraz DSM (ang. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) – Klasyfikację Zaburzeń Psychicznych DSM, których nowe edycje stanowią przedmiot zainteresowań autorek. W artykule wskazano światowe trendy i kierunki zmian, jakie się dokonują w obszarze terminologii i kategoryzowania zaburzeń rozwoju psychicznego (neurorozwojowych) i związanych z nimi rozwojowych zaburzeń jęz…
Online interventions to prevent mental health problems implemented in school settings: the perspectives from key stakeholders in Austria and Spain
2021
Abstract Background Schools are key settings for delivering mental illness prevention in adolescents. Data on stakeholders’ attitudes and factors relevant for the implementation of Internet-based prevention programmes are scarce. Methods Stakeholders in the school setting from Austria and Spain were consulted. Potential facilitators (e.g. teachers and school psychologists) completed an online questionnaire (N=50), policy makers (e.g. representatives of the ministry of education and health professional associations) participated in semi-structured interviews (N=9) and pupils (N=29, 14–19 years) participated in focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to identify experiences with, attitudes a…
Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of the efficacy, safety, and biological effects of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in patients with …
2019
ObjectiveOur aim was to summarize the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine, amphetamines, and methylphenidate in schizophrenia.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review, searching PubMed/Scopus/Clinicaltrials.gov for double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of psychostimulants or atomoxetine in schizophrenia published up to 1 January 2017. A meta-analysis of outcomes reported in two or more studies is presented.ResultsWe included 22 studies investigating therapeutic effects of stimulants (k=14) or measuring symptomatic worsening/relapse prediction after stimulant challenge (k=6). Six studies of these two groups plus one additional study investigated biological effects of psychostimu…
Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia – similarities between the two disorders with a case report of a patient with dual diagnosis
2023
This paper presents the genetic, molecular and neuroanatomical similarities between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia using the case report of a 34-year-old female patient with a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia as an example. As a result of repeat hospitalization, expanded history, psychological testing and verification of persistent symptoms of psychopathology, a cooccurring diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder was made.
Association between communication deviance of adoptive parents and formal thought disorder of adoptee when the length of parents' speech is standardi…
2012
Communication Deviance (CD) is considered to be a potential environmental factor in gene-environment interaction leading to offspring psychopathology, for example thought disorders and mental disturbances. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between formal thought disorder of genetic high-risk and low-risk adoptees and Communication Deviance of adoptive parents when the length of their speech is standardized with spoken words (Word Count, WC). The sample included a group of 58 adoptees at high genetic risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a comparison group of 96 low-risk adoptees and their adoptive families. Communication Deviance (CD) of the adoptive parents was …
Views of Schizophrenia Among Future Healthcare Professionals: Differences in Relation to Diagnostic Labelling, Causal Explanations, and Type of Acade…
2021
Objective: Stereotyped beliefs about schizophrenia are well-established in the society and relatively common among healthcare professionals and students. The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions about the causes, treatment, and outcome of schizophrenia among healthcare students. Method: Undergraduate nursing and psychology students completed selected items of the Opinion on Mental Illness Questionnaire after reading a clinical vignette of undiagnosed schizophrenia. Results: Students who labelled the description as schizophrenia were more pessimistic regarding full recovery from the disorder. Those who acknowledged greater relevance to biogenetic risk factors were more convinced…
Sensory-Adapted Dental Environment for the Treatment of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
2022
Purpose: The importance of dental care and oral hygiene is often underestimated in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Comorbidity with dental anxiety is greater in ASD subjects who also show unusual reactions to sensory stimuli. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy for a sensory-adapted environment and targeted methods in reducing anxiety and positively influencing cooperation in children with ASD during a dental examination or specific treatments. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 50 Italian children with a diagnosis of ASD (36 males and 14 females; aged 9–10 years) presenting with mild intellectual disability (ID) and verbal language skills. The subjects en…
Sex differences of anxiety disorders: Possible psychobiological causes
2009
Los trastornos de ansiedad son, en la actualidad, enfermedades psiquiátricas muy frecuentes e incapacitantes. Las mujeres en edad reproductiva son más vulnerables a desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad, aproximadamente entre 2 a 3 veces más que los hombres. Ser hombre o mujer no sólo puede influir en la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales, sino también en la manifestación y expresión de los síntomas, la voluntad para solicitar asistencia médica o psicológica, el curso de la enfermedad, incluso en la respuesta al tratamiento. Cada vez hay pruebas más sólidas de que existen diferencias entre ambos sexos respecto a la anatomía cerebral, la neuroquímica y los patrones de activación y respuesta…
Identification of a new nonsense mutation (Tyr129Stop) of the SRY gene in a newborn infant with XY sex-reversal.
2004
Point mutations and deletions of SRY gene have been described in several cases of XY gonadal dysgenesis. To date, most of these mutations affect the HMG domain of SRY which plays a central role in DNA binding activity of SRY. We report on a non-mosaic XY sex-reversed newborn girl (completely female external genitalia). The direct sequencing of SRY showed a new nonsense mutation in a codon of SRY gene flanking the 3' end of the HMG domain: a thymine is replaced by a guanine at position +387 in codon 129, resulting in the replacement of the amino acid tyrosine (TAT) by a stop codon (TAG). The new mutation of this patient provides further evidence to support the functional importance of the pu…
Psychiatrists’ inner dialogues concerning workmates during need
2013
Background: In the Need-Adapted approach decisions are made in therapy meetings with all relevant parties; this poses a professional challenge to psychiatrists. Aims: To describe psychiatrists’ inner dialogues concerning their workmates in treatment meetings. Methods: Using videos of co-research interviews, stimulated-recall interviews with eight psychiatrists were conducted and transcribed verbatim. The material was analyzed using an adapted form of dialogical analysis, focusing on voices and positioning. Results: The psychiatrists took actions in the treatment situation not only as professionals, but also as individuals who had their own characteristics, and individual relationships with …