Search results for "Disparities"
showing 10 items of 108 documents
Cancer mortality inequalities in urban areas: a Bayesian small area analysis in Spanish cities
2011
incluye "Erratum to: Cancer mortality inequalities in urban areas: a Bayesian small area analysis in Spanish cities" BACKGROUND: Intra-urban inequalities in mortality have been infrequently analysed in European contexts. The aim of the present study was to analyse patterns of cancer mortality and their relationship with socioeconomic deprivation in small areas in 11 Spanish cities. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional ecological design using mortality data (years 1996-2003). Units of analysis were the census tracts. A deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. In order to control the variability in estimating the risk of dying we used Bayesian models. We present the RR of the censu…
Built Environment, Psychosocial Factors and Active Commuting to School in Adolescents: Clustering a Self-Organizing Map Analysis
2018
Although the built environment and certain psychosocial factors are related to adolescents&rsquo
Phenotypic variability and disparities in treatment and outcomes of childhood arthritis throughout the world: an observational cohort study
2019
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-05T16:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Background To our knowledge, the characteristics and burden of childhood arthritis have never been studied on a worldwide basis. We aimed to investigate, with a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of disease categories, treatment methods, and disease status in patients from across different geographical areas and from countries with diverse wealth status. Methods In this multinational, cross-sectional, observational cohort study, we asked international paediatric rheumatologists from specialised centres to enrol children with a diagnosis of juvenile …
Sex-specific differences drive temporal trends and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in Germany
2020
Despite remarkable improvements in treatment of cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) is still characterized by high mortality rate. Sex-specific differences in HF have been described, but underlying reasons are widely unexplored.The nationwide German inpatient sample (2005-2016) was used for this sex-specific analyses. Temporal trends on hospitalizations, mortality, and treatments were analysed and independent predictors of adverse outcomes identified.The analysis comprises 4,538,977 hospitalizations due to HF (52.0%women) in Germany (2005-2016). Although women were older (median 82(IQR75-87) vs.76(69-82),P 0.001), coronary artery disease (CAD, 50.3% vs. 30.7%,P 0.001) was more prev…
Outcomes of a routine invasive strategy in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction from 2005 to 2014: results from the P…
2019
Background Elderly patients (≥75 years old) with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) represent a large subgroup of all cases. They are rarely included in randomized trials because of comorbidities and concerns about complications. Furthermore, invasive treatments are used less frequently in this patient group. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in invasive procedures and outcomes in elderly patients with NSTEMI from 2005 to 2014. Patients and methods We analyzed 68 978 elderly patients with NSTEMI enrolled in the prospective, nationwide Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes from 2005 to 2014. Results Elderly patients accounted for 34.9% of all patients wit…
Free school meals as an approach to reduce health inequalities among 10-12- year-old Norwegian children.
2019
Abstract Background Children spend a considerable amount of time at school and consume at least one meal/day. This study aimed to investigate if a free, healthy school meal every day for one school year was associated with children’s intake of healthy foods at school, weight status and moderating effects of socio-economic status. Methods A non-randomized study design with an intervention and a control group was used to measure change in children’s dietary habits at lunchtime. In total, 164 children participated; 55 in the intervention group and 109 in the control group (baseline). Intervention-children were served a free, healthy school meal every school day for one year. Participating chil…
Equally Interchangeable? How Sex and Gender Affect Transplantation
2019
Organ transplantation as an option to overcome end-stage diseases is common in countries with advanced healthcare systems and is increasingly provided in emerging and developing countries. A review of the literature points to sex- and gender-based inequity in the field with differences reported at each step of the transplant process, including access to a transplantation waiting list, access to transplantation once waitlisted, as well as outcome after transplantation. In this review, we summarize the data regarding sex- and gender-based disparity in adult and pediatric kidney, liver, lung, heart, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and argue that there are not only biological but al…
Long-term outcomes in men and women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and incomplete reperfusion after a primary percutaneous coronary …
2019
Background The failure of reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is more frequent than considered previously. Aim To evaluate sex-related differences in long-term outcomes in patients with STEMI and incomplete infarct-related artery reperfusion after a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients and methods Of consecutive 42 752 patients with STEMI hospitalized between 2009 and 2011 in Poland, we analyzed a group of 766 (35%) women and 1453 (65%) men with less than thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 following a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Results In the 2-year follow-up, the mortality rate among…
Reducing health inequalities trough digital options in mental health: A physician's perspective.
2019
This paper explores the physicians’ perspective regarding the potential of computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (cCBTs) to overcome inequalities in the context of mental health care provision. The main benefits were related to the ability of cCBTs to provide care in a convenient and efficient manner, enhancing its accessibility. These aspects were perceived more important than cost-effectivity of treatment, which is often claimed to be the key benefit of cCBTs. Age and general acceptance of CBT were the most significant individual-level separators of perceptions, while the sector in which the physician works was seen as the main structural-level separator. peerReviewed
ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE PANDEMIC: ASSESSING DISPARITIES IN STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
2021
Student engagement is consequential for learning outcomes and is a key factor in student achievement. While its impact on educational outcomes in a face-to-face setting has made the focus of extensive research, less is known about its effects in the context of online learning, especially in Eastern Europe. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced all higher education institutions in Romania to switch to emergency online learning, with little or no previous experience in this form of instruction. This makes it a highly relevant and interesting case for the study of online learning effects on student outcomes. This article therefore investigates disparities in student engagement in the context of eme…