Search results for "Dispersity"

showing 10 items of 207 documents

Two-Step Crystallization Kinetics in Colloidal Hard-Sphere Systems

2005

The crystallization kinetics of colloidal hard spheres was studied using a special Bragg spectrometer with high sensitivity. In contrast with the classical scenario we observe a two-step nucleation process: the number of crystallites increases slowly at early times, followed by a dramatic reduction at intermediate times, prior to undergoing a rapid increase at late times. We explain these results in terms of a polydispersity limited growth of crystallites, where the crystallization at early times is governed by local fractionation processes, leading to a long delay prior to final crystallization.

Crystallization kineticsColloidMaterials scienceChemical physicslawScientific methodDispersityNucleationGeneral Physics and AstronomyCrystalliteHard spheresCrystallizationlaw.inventionPhysical Review Letters
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Monodisperse Dialkoxy-Substituted Oligo(phenyleneethenylene)s

2006

Individual but connected synthetic routes for the preparation of the all-E-configured 2,5-dipropoxy-substituted oligo(1,4-phenyleneethenylene)s 1a–g were developed. An increasing number of conjugated stilbene units from n = 1 to n = 11 led to a convergent bathochromic shift (Δλ = λ∞ − λ1 = 127 nm) in the UV/Vis absorption. An exponential function for the convergence of the absorption energies (wavelengths) in conjugated systems is proposed. By a simple extrapolation of this function the effective chain length may be determined.

CrystallographyChain lengthChemistryOrganic ChemistryBathochromic shiftDispersityPolymer chemistryExtrapolationGeneral ChemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAbsorption (chemistry)Conjugated systemExponential functionLiebigs Annalen
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Multifunctional two-photon active silica-coated Au@MnO Janus particles for selective dual functionalization and imaging.

2014

Monodisperse multifunctional and nontoxic Au@MnO Janus particles with different sizes and morphologies were prepared by a seed-mediated nucleation and growth technique with precise control over domain sizes, surface functionalization, and dye labeling. The metal oxide domain could be coated selectively with a thin silica layer, leaving the metal domain untouched. In particular, size and morphology of the individual (metal and metal oxide) domains could be controlled by adjustment of the synthetic parameters. The SiO2 coating of the oxide domain allows biomolecule conjugation (e.g., antibodies, proteins) in a single step for converting the photoluminescent and superparamagnetic Janus nanopar…

Diagnostic ImagingCell SurvivalSurface PropertiesDispersityOxideMetal NanoparticlesJanus particlesNanotechnologyBiochemistryCatalysischemistry.chemical_compoundColloid and Surface ChemistryMicroscopy Electron TransmissionCell Line TumorMicroscopySpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredHumansParticle SizePhotonsChemistryBiological TransportGeneral ChemistrySilicon DioxideTransmission electron microscopySurface modificationNanoparticlesParticle sizeGoldSuperparamagnetismHeLa CellsJournal of the American Chemical Society
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Achieving branched polyethylene waxes by aryliminocycloocta[b]pyridylnickel precatalysts: Synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization

2017

Cycloocta[b]pyridin-10-one was prepared to form the corresponding imino derivatives, which then reacted with (DME)NiBr2 to form 10-aryliminocycloocta[b]pyridylnickel bromides (Ni1–Ni5). The new compounds were characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis and the organic ligands were also analyzed by the NMR measurements. Furthermore, the molecular structure of a representative complex Ni3 was determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction, indicating the distorted tetrahedral geometry around the nickel atom. Upon the activation with either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or diethylaluminium chloride (Et2AlCl), the title nickel complexes exhibited high activity in et…

Diethylaluminium chloridePolymers and Plastics010405 organic chemistryChemistryOrganic ChemistryDispersityMethylaluminoxaneCationic polymerizationnickel complexPolyethylene010402 general chemistryBranching (polymer chemistry)01 natural sciences0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundPolymerization10-aryliminocycloocta[b]pyridinePolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryCoordination polymerizationcationic polymerizationpolyethyl-eneJournal of Polymer Science Part A-Polymer Chemistry
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STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF COBALT FERRITE PARTICLES PRODUCED BY METHOD OF PYROLYTIC SYNTHESIS

2008

ABSTRACT Magnetic fine particles of cobalt ferrite have been prepared by method of pyrolytic synthesis. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of single-phase cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in the range 6–50 nm. The size of the particles varies depending on matrix dispersity and mass content in the organic precursors. A large coercivity observed to be small for smaller single-domain particles due to superparamagnetic behavior.

DiffractionRange (particle radiation)Materials scienceBeta ferriteDispersityCoercivityCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsMagnetic anisotropyNuclear magnetic resonanceChemical engineeringControl and Systems EngineeringMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesPyrolytic carbonElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSuperparamagnetismIntegrated Ferroelectrics
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Liquid-Crystalline Colloidal Particles

2004

Here we report about the synthesis of colloidal particles of nematic and smectic liquid-crystalline polymers. For this purpose mesogen-containing acrylate monomers were synthesized and polymerized in a special modification of a precipitation polymerization called dispection polymerization. By variation of the polymerization conditions colloidal particles of different size and polydispersity could be obtained including very narrowly distributed samples in optimized batches. On azobenzene-containing colloidal particles switching experiments with polarized light were performed. It could be observed that the nematic director of the mesogens within the colloidal particles can be rotated due to t…

Dispersion polymerizationchemistry.chemical_classificationAcrylate polymerMaterials sciencePolymers and Plasticsdigestive oral and skin physiologyOrganic ChemistryRadical polymerizationDispersityPolymerCondensed Matter Physicschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryPolymerizationPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPrecipitation polymerizationParticle sizePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Silica−Dye−Semiconductor Nanocrystal Hybrid Particles

2010

We prepared silica-dye-nanocrystal hybrid particles and studied the energy transfer from semiconductor nanocrystals (= donor) to organic dye molecules (= acceptor). Multishell CdSe/CdS/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals were adsorbed onto monodisperse Stöber silica particles with an outer silica shell of thickness 2-23 nm containing organic dye molecules (Texas Red). The thickness of this dye layer has a strong effect on the energy transfer efficiency, which is explained by the increase in the number of dye molecules homogeneously distributed within the silica shell, in combination with an enhanced surface adsorption of nanocrystals with increasing dye amount. Our conclusions were underlined by…

DispersityTexas RedBinary compoundNanotechnologychemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionMicroscopy Electron TransmissionQuantum DotsFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferElectrochemistryNanotechnologyMoleculeGeneral Materials ScienceColoring AgentsSpectroscopySurfaces and InterfacesSilicon DioxideCondensed Matter PhysicsAcceptorModels ChemicalSemiconductorsXantheneschemistryChemical engineeringNanocrystalSpectrophotometryNanoparticlesParticleSpectrophotometry UltravioletAdsorptionMonte Carlo MethodLangmuir
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Convenient Access to α‐Amino‐ω‐Hydroxyl Heterobifunctional PEG and PPO via a Sacrificial Hexahydro‐Triazine Star Strategy

2019

The anionic ring opening polymerizations of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) are performed by using 1,3,5-triethanol hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TrAz) as a "sacrificial" trifunctional initiator. Well-defined three-arm star polymers are obtained with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M w /M n < 1.1). Molecular weights range from 3-15 kg mol-1 . Since these star polymers possess an acid-labile hexahydro-triazine core, acidic hydrolysis leads to cleavage of the arms. This gives access to well-defined α-amino-ω-hydroxyl heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) in the molecular weight range of 1-5 kg mol-1 and low dispersity M w /M n < 1.1. T…

Ethylene OxidePolymers and PlasticsPolymersDispersity02 engineering and technologyPolyethylene glycol010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesPolymerizationchemistry.chemical_compoundPolyolPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPropylene oxideTriazinechemistry.chemical_classificationEthylene oxideTriazinesOrganic Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical sciencesMolecular WeightchemistryPropylene GlycolsMolar mass distributionEpoxy Compounds0210 nano-technologyEthylene glycolMacromolecular Rapid Communications
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Dichlorovanadium(IV) diamine-bis(phenolate) complexes for ethylene (co)polymerization and 1-olefin isospecific polymerization

2018

Abstract Two vanadium complexes bearing amine-bis(phenolate) ligands with the amino side-arm donor, [V{Me2NCH2CH2N(CH2-2-O-3,5-tBu2-C6H2)2}Cl2] (1) and [V{Me2NCH2CH2N(CH2-2-O-3,5-tBu2-C6H2)(CH2-2-O-C6H4)}Cl2] (2), were synthesised and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Upon activation with Al(iBu)3/Ph3CB(C6F5)4, these complexes became active catalysts for 1-octene polymerization giving highly stereoregular polymers (mmmm ∼ 90%) having regioirregularly arranged units. The catalytic activity of the catalysts in ethylene homo- and copolymerization, and their ability to incorporate a comonomer were highly dependent on both the activator type and the complex structure. 1/EtAlCl2 exhi…

EthylenemicrostructureDispersityZiegler-Natta polymerization010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysisTREFchemistry.chemical_compoundDiaminediamine-bis(phenolate) ligandPolymer chemistryethyleneCopolymerPhysical and Theoretical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_classificationOlefin fiber010405 organic chemistryChemistryComonomerPolymer0104 chemical sciencescopolymerizationVanadium catalystPolymerization1-octeneJournal of Catalysis
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A new method to measure the size distribution of insoluble submicron particles in water

1994

Abstract In the atmosphere, cloud and fog droplets usually contain insoluble material. The role of these insoluble particles is still unknown today, and is of interest to study. To determine the size distribution and number concentration of these particles in water, different techniques are available. The instrumentation, however, to measure nanometer-sized particles down to 50 nm diameter is not known. A new instrument, the Liquid Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (LTDMA), was developed to measure size distributions of insoluble particles in water in the size range 50–300 nm in diameter. The new method is based on nebulising, e.g. cloud water and forming a residue aerosol consisting of…

Fluid Flow and Transfer ProcessesAtmospheric ScienceEnvironmental EngineeringTandemChemistryMechanical EngineeringAnalyserDispersityAnalytical chemistryMineralogyCloud watercomplex mixturesPollutionWater sampleAerosolField campaignJournal of Aerosol Science
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