Search results for "Distinctiveness"
showing 10 items of 22 documents
Do symmetrical letter pairs affect readability?
2005
Our everyday experience shows that we have problems in recognizing objects which only differ in their symmetry properties (street signs with two arrows in different directions or mathematical signs such as 〈 and 〉). Perception is closely correlated with an inner comparison: the perceived object with its surrounding, the perceived object with former experience and so on. The brain has evolved different constancy abilities (e.g. colour constancy) and one of them is object constancy. This object constancy makes it possible to perceive an object regardless of its orientation in space. Symmetric letter pairs with different sound representations (such as 〈b〉 and 〈d〉) are, due to object constancy,…
An empirical analysis of online price dispersion in the Italian airline industry
2015
Firms operating in the electronic marketplace set and adjust prices to affect demand and profitability. In service markets, such as airline markets, different prices are commonly offered by diverse firms to accommodate to a variety of market segments having particular sets of consumer attitudes. This variation in prices is the price dispersion and is based on market distinctiveness deriving from customer heterogeneity as well as the peculiar competition in the specific market arena. In this paper we use a panel dataset from the Italian airline market to investigate the role of competition and different online channels in the emergence of price dispersion. Specifically, we examine the unclea…
From the unity of sensible intuition to the sensible unity of intuition : revisiting the proof-structure of Kant?s B-Deduction argument
2019
The B-Deduction accounts for Kant’s utmost solution at safeguarding both the distinctiveness and a necessary relation between understanding and sensibility. I aim at proposing an original thesis to the debate on this solution: the B-Deduction argument profits from a methodology correlating the unity of sensible intuition to the sensible unity of intuition. At first, Kant’s definition of “transcendental cognition” is set forth. Secondly, an inquiry into the argument’s methodology is carried out. After that, the justification of the categories within the understanding’s domain is taken into account. Finally, the relation of the understanding to sensibility is brought into discussion.
Did you hear? Auditory prospective memory cues are more beneficial for autistic than for non-autistic children and adolescents
2021
Item does not contain fulltext Background: The transition from primary to secondary school is particularly difficult for autistic children, a transition underpinned by an increase in prospective memory (PM) demands. Aims: To better understand PM in autistic children of the relevant age range and its underlying processes, the current study investigated the impact of cue salience (distinctiveness) on PM in autistic and non-autistic children and adolescents. The study was unique in manipulating the visual and auditory salience of PM cues. Salient cues are assumed to put lower demands on executive control resources as compared to cues that blend in with the ongoing activity. Methods and procedu…
Contextual diversity favors the learning of new words in children regardless of their comprehension skills
2021
Available online 6 November 2021 Recent research has shown the benefits of high contextual diversity, defined as the number of different contexts in which a word appears, when incidentally learning new words. These benefits have been found both in laboratory settings and in ecological settings such as the classroom during regular hours. To examine the nature of this effect in young readers aged 11–13 years, we analyzed whether these benefits are modulated by the individuals’ reading comprehension scores; that is, would better comprehenders benefit the most from contextual diversity? The manipulation of contextual diversity was done by inserting the novel words into three different contexts/…
Discussion
1999
Homo sapiens L. has been described as the naked ape, and this nakedness undoubtedly constitutes one of the most striking differences in appearance between man and the apes. Nakedness has been attributed at various times to sexual selection [1], aquatic stage [2], hunting [3], cooling [4], sex [5], neoteny [6] and allometry [7], most proposed explanations logically revealing some aspect of the phenomenon. However, most fail to account for the distinctiveness of man's hairlessness among mammals of the same size. Unfortunately, fossils cannot help us to explain how denudation occurred, and how it helped hominids to survive. In this paper I will present an old hypothesis with a new point of vie…
From two to many: The role of executive functions in young children's generalization of novel object names in a comparison design
2020
In this study, 4-year-old children were tested in an object name generalization task with a stimulus comparison design. Performance in the generalization task was correlated with performance in a vocabulary test and three executive function tasks assessing inhibition, flexibility, and working memory. Correlational analyses revealed a significant association with flexibility but not with inhibition, working memory or vocabulary test. We interpret the results in terms of a capacity to flexibly generate novel dimensions rather than inhibiting irrelevant dimensions. Individual differences in working memory and inhibition did not significantly influence performance in the word extension task. Mo…
O gulag e a literatura de gulag: um balanço das pesquisas
2017
Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um panorama dos debates historiográficos, antigos e recentes, sobre a literatura produzida no complexo de campos de concentração soviéticos (o "gulag"). São examinados livros, congressos, instituições de pesquisa e organizações de memória dedicadas ao tema. O texto é concluído pela constatação da escassez de pesquisas voltadas às especificidades da literatura do gulag. Abstract: This paper presents an overview of recent and old debates on the literature created in Soviet concentration camp complexes (gulags), and examines books, conferences, research institutions and memory organizations dedicated to the matter. The article concludes with the observation that s…
Extraordinarily White: The De/Spectacularization of the Albinotic Body and the Normalization of Its Audience
2018
This chapter discusses three cultural institutions–freak show, art photography and fashion modelling–and the respective figures they produced by presenting albinotic bodies. How are bodily deviance and norm negotiated in these cases of structured seeing? Spectacularizing the ‘albino freak’ as a categorical in-between phenomenon, the freak show drew a sharp distinction between the extraordinary figure on stage and its audience while bestowing the latter with normality. On the other hand, Rick Guidotti’s photographic activism invoking ‘positive exposure’ personalizes albinotic subjects and thus partly breaks down the differentiation between deviant other and normal spectator. Finally, in the …
Configural information in gender categorisation.
2006
International audience; The role of configural information in gender categorisation was Studied by aligning the top half of one face with the bottom half of another. The two faces had the same or different genders. Experiment I shows that participants were slower and made more errors in categorising the gender in either half of these composite faces when the two faces had a different gender, relative to control conditions where the two faces were nonaligned or had the same gender. This result parallels the composite effect for face recognition (Young et al. 1987 Perception 16 747 - 759) and facial-expression recognition (Calder et al. 2000 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perceptio…