Search results for "Données"
showing 10 items of 154 documents
Les chiffres : les comprendre pour s'en dépendre
2011
C'est le regard d'une sociologue qualitativiste qui a fait l'objet de cette conférence invitée. D'un forum qui replaçait au centre des débats l'éthique et le vivre-ensemble, mais inscrit dans un atelier sur "les nombres", l'intervention d'un chercheur qualitativiste, aux côtés d'un mathématicien Thierry Duchesne (Université Laval) et de la démographe Chantal Girard (ISQ - Institut de la statistique du Québec), a fait figure de contre-emploi. La communication s'est centrée sur la remise en question de l'universalité du nombre : le nombre, dans son rapport à l'écrit est-il un sociocentrisme ? Cet universalisme supposé peut également être débattu au regard de l'usage historique du nombre (de l…
Ontology-based cooperation of information systems : contributions to database-to-ontology mapping and XML-to-ontology mapping
2010
This thesis treats the area of ontology-based cooperation of information systems. We propose a global architecture called OWSCIS that is based on ontologies and web-services for the cooperation of distributed heterogeneous information systems. In this thesis, we focus on the problem of connecting the local information sources to the local ontologies within OWSCIS architecture. This problem is articulated by three main axes: 1) the creation of the local ontology from the local information sources, 2) the mapping of local information sources to an existing local ontology, and 3) the translation of queries over the local ontologies into queries over local information sources.
Estimate the mean electricity consumption curve by survey and take auxiliary information into account
2012
In this thesis, we are interested in estimating the mean electricity consumption curve. Since the study variable is functional and storage capacities are limited or transmission cost are high survey sampling techniques are interesting alternatives to signal compression techniques. We extend, in this functional framework, estimation methods that take into account available auxiliary information and that can improve the accuracy of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator of the mean trajectory. The first approach uses the auxiliary information at the estimation stage, the mean curve is estimated using model-assisted estimators with functional linear regression models. The second method involves the au…
Model and quality assessment of single image dehazing
2016
This thesis is mainly related to color imaging science, involving many disciplines, such as color image enhancement, image formation, color reproduction, optical physics, radiometry, colorimetry, image quality and psychophysics.Dehazing aims at recovering the image information degraded by light scattering, e.g. bad weather. This process is an ill-posed and a challenging problem. Although a variety of approaches have been proposed, there is still room for further improvement and standardization. In this work, we investigate the limitations of haze model in terms of accuracy of color image recovery. We address also the link between the visibility deterioration and the spectral content of the …
Semi-automatic conception and implementation of data warehouses : application to ecological data
2015
This thesis concerns the semi-automatic design of data warehouses and the associated OLAP cubes analyzing ecological data.The biological sciences, including ecology and agronomy, generate data that require an important collection effort: several years are often required to obtain a complete data set. Moreover, objects and phenomena studied by these sciences are complex and require many parameter recording to be understood. Finally, the collection of complex data over a long time results in an increased risk of inconsistency. Thus, these sciences generate numerous and heterogeneous data, which can be inconsistent. It is interesting to offer to scientists, who work in life sciences, informati…
Types of climates on continental France, a spatial construction
2010
Le climat est un élément important de la vie des territoires car il conditionne le comportement et les décisions des individus et des groupes sociaux comme celui de l’ensemble des espèces vivantes et des écosystèmes. A ce titre, la différenciation de l’espace selon les climats et les aptitudes qui en résultent est un domaine qui mérite d’être réinvesti par la recherche en mettant à profit des moyens de traitement modernes de l’information. Avec cet objectif en vue, les auteurs proposent une approche spatiale de définition des climats. Partant des mesures stationnelles de précipitation et de température mises à disposition par Météo-France, un jeu de 14 variables intégrant une série temporel…
Combining hectometric and decametric satellite observations to provide near real time decametric FAPAR product
2017
Abstract A wide range of ecological, agricultural, hydrological and meteorological applications at local to regional scales requires decametric biophysical data. However, before the launch of SENTINEL-2A, only few decametric products are produced and most of them remain limited by the small number of available observations, mostly due to a moderate revisit frequency combined with cloud occurrence. Conversely, kilometric and hectometric biophysical products are now widely available with almost complete and continuous coverage, but the associated spatial resolution limits the application over heterogeneous landscapes. The objective of this study is to combine unfrequent decametric spatial res…
Analyse spatiale des disparités régionales dans l'Europe élargie
2004
The aim of this paper is to study the regional inequalities in the enlarged European Union using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis applied to per capita GDP for 258 regions of EU27 over the period 1995-2000. Strong evidence in favor of global and local autocorrelation as well as spatial heterogeneity is found for the wealth distribution. We also show that the enlargement process leads to a new North-West - East polarization scheme instead of the previous results obtained in the literature highlighting a North-South polarization scheme. Implications for regional development and cohesion policies are finally explored.
Scientific data
2016
Scientific data is produced by experiment, and consists in a raw description of reality, upon which basis scientific theories are developped or confirmed. Upon assesment, interactions between this basic element of knowledge and the legal order can be observed in three stages. First, at the stage of data production. Although the control of this phase falls largely under the control of the scientific community, some legal rules are added to this control, in order to influence on the direction or on the conduct of the research. Second, at the stage of the use of scientific data, because once discovered, data is sometimes directly apprehended by the judge, the legislator or by some professional…
Néolithique et Bronze ancien en Provence. Données archéozoologiques
2011
Néolithique et Bronze ancien en Provence. Données archéozoologiques