Search results for "Driver"

Path-wise versus kinetic modeling for equilibrating non-Langevin jump-type processes

2014

We discuss two independent methods of solution of a master equation whose biased jump transition rates account for long jumps of L\'{e}vy-stable type and nonetheless admit a Boltzmannian (thermal) equilibrium to arise in the large time asymptotics of a probability density function $\rho (x,t)$. Our main goal is to demonstrate a compatibility of a {\it direct} solution method (an explicit, albeit numerically assisted, integration of the master equation) with an {\it indirect} path-wise procedure, recently proposed in [Physica {\bf A 392}, 3485, (2013)] as a valid tool for a dynamical analysis of non-Langevin jump-type processes. The path-wise method heavily relies on an accumulation of large…

The drivers of small independent retailers' competitive behaviour

2022

Drivers, barriers and impacts of digitalisation in rural areas from the viewpoint of experts

2022

Abstract Context: The domain of rural areas, including rural communities, agriculture, and forestry, is going through a process of deep digital transformation. Digitalisation can have positive impacts on sustainability in terms of greater environmental control, and community prosperity. At the same time, it can also have disruptive effects, with the marginalisation of actors that cannot cope with the change. When developing a novel system for rural areas, requirements engineers should carefully consider the specific socio-economic characteristics of the domain, so that potential positive effects can be maximised, while mitigating negative impacts. Objective: The goal of this paper is to sup…

Studying the Response of Drivers against Different Collision Warning Systems: A Review

2017

International audience; The number of vehicle accidents is rapidly increasing and causing significant economic losses in many countries. According to the World Health Organization, road accidents will become the fifth major cause of death by the year 2030. To minimize these accidents different types of collision warning systems have been proposed for motor vehicle drivers. These systems can early detect and warn the drivers about the potential danger, up to a certain accuracy. Many researchers study the effectiveness of these systems by using different methods, including Electroencephalography (EEG). From the literature review, it has been observed that, these systems increase the drivers' …

A real-time non-intrusive FPGA-based drowsiness detection system

2011

Automotive has gained several benefits from the Ambient Intelligent researches involving the deployment of sensors and hardware devices into an intelligent environment surrounding people, meeting users’ requirements and anticipating their needs. One of the main topics in automotive is to anticipate driver needs and safety, in terms of preventing critical and dangerous events. Considering the high number of caused accidents, one of the most relevant dangerous events affecting driver and passengers safety is driver’s drowsiness and hypovigilance. This paper presents a low-intrusive, real-time driver’s drowsiness detection system for common vehicles. The proposed system exploits the ‘‘bright p…

Network Entropy for the Sequence Analysis of Functional Connectivity Graphs of the Brain

2018

Dynamic representation of functional brain networks involved in the sequence analysis of functional connectivity graphs of the brain (FCGB) gains advances in uncovering evolved interaction mechanisms. However, most of the networks, even the event-related ones, are highly heterogeneous due to spurious interactions, which bring challenges to revealing the change patterns of interactive information in the complex dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a network entropy (NE) method to measure connectivity uncertainty of FCGB sequences to alleviate the spurious interaction problem in dynamic network analysis to realize associations with different events during a complex cognitive task. The p…

The on-line coupled atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) – Part 5: Expanding the Multi-Model-Driver (MMD v2.0) for 2-way data exchange includin…

2018

Abstract. As part of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy), the Multi-Model-Driver (MMD v1.0) was developed to couple online the regional Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) model into a driving model, which can be either the regional COSMO model or the global European Centre Hamburg general circulation model (ECHAM) (see Part 2 of the model documentation). The coupled system is called MECO(n), i.e., MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times. In this article, which is part of the model documentation of the MECO(n) system, the second generation of MMD is introduced. MMD comprises the message-passing infrastructure required for the parallel execution (multiple programme mul…

Chapter 4: Direct and indirect drivers of change in biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people.

2018

The aim of this chapter is to assess evidence of the status and trends of the drivers that affect biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people. There are three wider categories of nature’s contributions to people: regulating, material and non-material contributions, that are similar to, but not identical to classifications of ecosystem services (see Chapter 1). Ecosystems are dynamic interacting networks of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms, above and below ground and water-surfaces. These biodiverse networks of interacting organisms respond to a set of environmental factors such as climate, soil, or water conditions. Social-ecological systems also include human activities (di…

Car following: Comparing distance-oriented vs. inertia-oriented driving techniques

2018

The rationale behind most car-following (CF) models is the possibility to appraise and formalize how drivers naturally follow each other. Characterizing and parametrizing Normative Driving Behavior (NDB) became major goals, especially during the last 25 years. Most CF models assumed driver propensity for constant, safe distance is axiomatic. This paper challenges the idea of safety distance as the main parameter defining a unique (or natural) NDB. Instead, it states drivers can adapt to reactive and proactive car following. Drawing on recent CF models close to the Nagoya paradigm and on other phenomena (e.g., wave movement in Nature), we conceived car following by Driving to keep Inertia (D…

Lower and Upper Bounds of Manufacturing Cost in FMS

1993

Abstract The use of traditional techniques of product costing, cost control and performance evaluation in advanced manufacturing environment supplies poor results to operations management. In this paper, after a brief review of the major drawbacks of traditional machining economics, a new framework for product costing will be presented. The basis of the proposed approach lies on an analysis of the production process aimed at single out proper cost drivers for the use of the various employed manufacturing resources. As a consequence, the quota of the manufacturing cost of uncertain allocation is drastically reduced. A lower and an upper bound value of the unit production cost are also define…