Search results for "Dros"

Coating su substrati metallici per applicazioni in campo ortopedico

2022

Serotoninergic Modulation of Phototactic Variability Underpins a Bet-Hedging Strategy in Drosophila melanogaster

2021

When organisms’ environmental conditions vary unpredictably in time, it can be advantageous for individuals to hedge their phenotypic bets. It has been shown that a bet-hedging strategy possibly underlies the high inter-individual diversity of phototactic choice in Drosophila melanogaster. This study shows that fruit flies from a population living in a boreal and relatively unpredictable climate have more variable variable phototactic biases than fruit flies from a more stable tropical climate, consistent with bet-hedging theory. We experimentally show that phototactic variability of D. melanogaster is regulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT), which acts as a suppressor of the var…

A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain

2014

SummaryDespite the importance of the insect nervous system for functional and developmental neuroscience, descriptions of insect brains have suffered from a lack of uniform nomenclature. Ambiguous definitions of brain regions and fiber bundles have contributed to the variation of names used to describe the same structure. The lack of clearly determined neuropil boundaries has made it difficult to document precise locations of neuronal projections for connectomics study. To address such issues, a consortium of neurobiologists studying arthropod brains, the Insect Brain Name Working Group, has established the present hierarchical nomenclature system, using the brain of Drosophila melanogaster…

FlyMove – a new way to look at development of Drosophila

2003

Development of any organism requires a complex interplay of genes to orchestrate the many movements needed to build up an embryo. Previously, work on Drosophila melanogaster has provided important insights that are often applicable in other systems. But developmental processes, which take place in space and time, are difficult to convey in textbooks. Here, we introduce FlyMove (http://flymove.uni-muenster.de), a new database combining movies, animated schemata, interactive "modules" and pictures that will greatly facilitate the understanding of Drosophila development.

Bioaccessibility and decomposition of cylindrospermopsin in vegetables matrices after the application of an in vitro digestion model.

2018

Research on the human exposure to Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) via consumption of contaminated food is of great interest for risk assessment purposes. The aim of this work is to evaluate for the first time the CYN bioaccessibility in contaminated vegetables (uncooked lettuce and spinach, and boiled spinach) after an in vitro digestion model, including the salivar, gastric and duodenal phases and, colonic fermentation under lactic acid bacteria. The results obtained showed that the digestion processes are able to diminish CYN levels, mainly in the colonic phase, especially in combination with the boiling treatment, decreasing CYN levels in a significant way. Moreover, the potential decomposition…

Courtship behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster revisited

2006

0003-3472 doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.01.027; Nearly all studies of Drosophila melanogaster courtship have focused exclusively on male behaviour. Female precopulatory behaviour is often relegated to ‘accept' or ‘reject' mating, and how female behaviour interacts with that of males remains largely unknown. Using a video-computing approach, we measured 10 behavioural states and 22 elementary behaviours that occur during the precopulatory phase of Canton-S (Cs) flies. Male and female behaviours were studied under a variety of social conditions. This allowed us to identify which one(s) is relevant to courtship or to general activity. Our analysis showed that the courtship repertoire was no…

A Fly-Inspired Mushroom Bodies Model for Sensory-Motor Control Through Sequence and Subsequence Learning

2016

Classification and sequence learning are relevant capabilities used by living beings to extract complex information from the environment for behavioral control. The insect world is full of examples where the presentation time of specific stimuli shapes the behavioral response. On the basis of previously developed neural models, inspired by Drosophila melanogaster, a new architecture for classification and sequence learning is here presented under the perspective of the Neural Reuse theory. Classification of relevant input stimuli is performed through resonant neurons, activated by the complex dynamics generated in a lattice of recurrent spiking neurons modeling the insect Mushroom Bodies n…

First-order visual interneurons distribute distinct contrast and luminance information across ON and OFF pathways to achieve stable behavior

2022

The accurate processing of contrast is the basis for all visually guided behaviors. Visual scenes with rapidly changing illumination challenge contrast computation because photoreceptor adaptation is not fast enough to compensate for such changes. Yet, human perception of contrast is stable even when the visual environment is quickly changing, suggesting rapid post receptor luminance gain control. Similarly, in the fruit fly Drosophila, such gain control leads to luminance invariant behavior for moving OFF stimuli. Here, we show that behavioral responses to moving ON stimuli also utilize a luminance gain, and that ON-motion guided behavior depends on inputs from three first-order interneuro…

Green food processing: concepts, strategies, and tools

2019

Abstract One of the developmental aspects of food science is testing and adapting advanced technologies for food production, which save resources and improve food quality. More often than not, this includes technologies operating at lower temperatures, shorter time, and resulting in better preservation of the thermolabile compounds in the foods, as compared to conventional technologies. Nutritionally rich but thermally sensitive raw materials such as fruit, vegetables, meats, and others can particularly benefit from the application of such advanced food technologies. Technologies with the most tested potential for industrial implementation include nonthermal plasma, pulsed electric field, h…

Photoluminescence from strained InAs monolayers in GaAs under pressure

1994

bulk GaAs. At pressures above the band crossover two emission bands are observed. These bands, characterized by having negative pressure coefBcients, are attributed to the type-I transition between conduction-band X „and heavy-hole states of the InAs monolayer and the type-II transition &om X states in GaAs to InAs heavy-hole states. The results are interpreted in terms of tight-binding band-structure calculations for the strained InAs-monolayer — bulk-GaAs system. I. INTRODUCTION Highly strained InAs jGaAs heterostructures have recently attracted interest due to their unusual electronic and optical properties. ~ 4 Epitaxial isomorphic growth of InAs on GaAs can be achieved only up to a sma…