Search results for "Drug administration"
showing 10 items of 393 documents
Efficacy and safety of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate substitution in severe molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A: a prospective cohort study.
2015
Summary Background Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is characterised by early, rapidly progressive postnatal encephalopathy and intractable seizures, leading to severe disability and early death. Previous treatment attempts have been unsuccessful. After a pioneering single treatment we now report the outcome of the complete first cohort of patients receiving substitution treatment with cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP), a biosynthetic precursor of the cofactor. Methods In this observational prospective cohort study, newborn babies with clinical and biochemical evidence of MoCD were admitted to a compassionate-use programme at the request of their treating physicians. Intravenous…
Safety and efficacy of a fixed-dose combination regimen of grazoprevir, ruzasvir, and uprifosbuvir with or without ribavirin in participants with and…
2017
Background There is a need for hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapies with excellent efficacy across genotypes and in diverse populations. Part A of the C-CREST-1 and C-CREST-2 trials led to the selection of a three-drug regimen of grazoprevir (MK-5172; an HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor; 100 mg/day) plus ruzasvir (MK-8408; an NS5A inhibitor; 60 mg/day) plus uprifosbuvir (MK-3682; an HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor; 450 mg/day). Part B of the studies tested this combination as a single formulation in different treatment durations in a broader population. Methods Part B of these randomised, phase 2, open-label clinical trials enrolled individuals from 15 countries who were chronically infected with H…
Randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing fluticasone aqueous nasal spray in mono-therapy, fluticasone plus cetirizine, fluticasone plus monteluk…
2004
BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are considered to be particularly effective in reducing nasal congestion and are therefore recommended as first-line treatment in allergic rhinitis patients with moderate to severe and/or persistent symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We compared the clinical efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) 200 microg given once daily, administered in mono-therapy or combined therapy with a H1 receptor antagonist (cetirizine, CTZ) or with a leukotriene antagonist (montelukast, MSK), and the combined therapy of CTZ plus MSK in the treatment of patients affected by allergic rhinitis to Parietaria during natural pollen exposure. In addition, we examined the effect of…
Pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz and ketoconazole in rats
2009
It is well known that efavirenz and ketoconazole act as an inducer and inhibitor of CYP3A4, respectively. As a result of these actions, co-administration of these drugs may result in changes in the pharmacoki- netic parameters of one or both of them. 2. Duodenum-cannulated rats have been used to compare the effect of intraduodenal (KC i.d. ) and intrave- nous administration of ketoconazole (KC i.v. ) on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz after intraduodenal administration, as well as the potential effect of efavirenz as a CYP450 inducer on ketoconazole phar - macokinetic profile. 3. While KC i.v. did not show any significant effect on efavirenz pharmacokinetic profile, KC i.d. increased sig-…
Cyclic antibiotic therapy for diverticular disease: a critical reappraisal.
2010
Different symptoms have been attributed to uncomplicated diverticular disease (DD). Poor absorbable antibiotics are largely used for uncomplicated DD, mainly for symptom treatment and prevention of diverticulitis onset. Controlled trials on cyclic administration of rifaximin in DD patients were evaluated. Four controlled, including 1 double-blind and 3 open-label, randomized studies were available. Following a long-term cyclic therapy, a significant difference emerged in the global symptoms score (range: 0-18) between rifaximin plus fibers (from 6-6.5 to 1-2) and fibers alone (from 6.7 to 2-3.8), although the actual clinically relevance of such a very small difference remains to be ascertai…
Chronic cocaine exposure impairs progenitor proliferation but spares survival and maturation of neural precursors in adult rat dentate gyrus
2006
Recent observations indicate that drugs of abuse, including alcohol and opiates, impair adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. We have studied in rats the impact of cocaine treatment (20 mg/kg, daily, i.p.) on cell proliferation, survival and maturation following short-term (8-day) and long-term (24-day) exposure. Using 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki-67 as mitotic markers at the end of the drug treatments, we found that both short- and long-term cocaine exposures significantly reduced cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. By labelling mitotic cells with BrdU pulses before or during the early stages of the drug treatment, we determined that long-term cocaine…
The role of drug sequence in therapeutic selectivity of the combination of 5-fluorouracil and cis-platin.
1989
The therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and cis-dichlorodiamine-platinum (cis-DDP) in mice bearing transplantable leukemia and solid tumors was evaluated using different sequences of combination of these agents. The optimal sequence was cis-DDP administered 24 h after FUra. The administration of FUra at its maximally tolerated dose (MTD) followed 24 h later by low doses of cis-DDP yielded less toxicity and higher response rate against L1210 and colon 26 than the administration of these two agents in the opposite sequence or concurrently at the MTD. The sequence of administration of these two agents was not therapeutically important when the antitumor activity was evaluated against…
Targeted Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2015
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main causes of death in patients affected by chronic liver diseases. The awareness of the biomolecular mechanisms underlying the complex carcinogenic process led to the development of targeted molecules, which are able to block this process. Sorafenib is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, and currently, it is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HCC. However, some studies have demonstrated the efficacy of single drug therapies or combination therapies. They showed an improvement with regard to overall survival, time to progression, and progression-free survival, although these therapies were not free …
Zugangswege f�r die Medikamentenapplikation bei Herzkreislaufstillstand
1996
Selecting a route for drug administration during CPR requires consideration of the speed with which access can be obtained, the technical difficulties involved in performing the procedure, the associated risk of complications, delays in drug delivery to the central circulation, and the duration of effective drug levels following injection. The peripheral venous route is the safest method, and drug delivery can be enhanced by a fluid bolus after injection of the medication. The circulation time is shortest after central venous injection, but there is some risk of complications. The femoral route is associated with a high incidence of unsuccessful catherization. The endotracheal tube provides…
Nanotechnologies for Active and Intelligent Food Packaging: Opportunities and Risks
2017
This chapter focuses on providing a comprehensive review on the current development of nanotechnology in the field of active and intelligent packaging for food. Systems devoted to intelligent food packaging require easy-to-read, cheap, robust, and safe systems that are able to provide on time information. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers that evaluations of safety, effectiveness, public health impact, or regulatory status of nanotechnology products should consider any unique properties and behaviors that the application of nanotechnology may impart. The lack of regulatory support providing standardized risk assessments of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) through integration of haz…