Search results for "Duty"
showing 10 items of 116 documents
Design of energy efficient MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks
2014
Masteroppgave i Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi IKT590 Universitetet i Agder 2014 Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in variety of applications such as in military and defense, process control industry and health monitoring applications. In WSNs, sensors are in small size with limited battery capacity and idle listening is a crucial problem which consumes more energy. Duty cycling (DC) is a technique which is used in many medium access control (MAC) protocols to reduce idle listening. In this thesis, we propose an asynchronous DC protocol, namely energy balancing asynchronous cooperative transmission medium access control (EB-ACT-MAC), which balances the remaining energ…
Desarrolo, cultura e identidad en América Latina
2008
The author understands culture as more than a result of economic development; he argues that development, itself, is both a fact and a cultural product, based on his wide range concept of culture. According to the text, approaches willing to reduce definitions of development to its economic, social, or any other restrict aspect, only misunderstand the real concept and engender serious mistakes on Government’s action. Moreover, the text states that far from population explosion and absence of resources, problems of social injustice, poverty, social exclusion, disrespect of human rights and aggressions on the environment are basically consequences of the absence of universal ethical values, w…
EECDC-MAC: An energy efficient cooperative duty cycle MAC protocol
2012
In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient cooperative duty cycle MAC (EECDC-MAC) protocol in which sensor nodes use fixed wakeup rendezvous scheduling to exchange messages and a cooperative transmission mechanism to avoid overuse of nodes with lower residual energy. Numerical results demonstrate that the EECDC-MAC protocol can prolong the entire network longevity efficiently in comparison with an existing cooperative duty cycle MAC protocol, CDC-MAC, and another popular duty cycle MAC protocol, prediction wakeup MAC (PW-MAC) protocol.
Il dovere di soccorso in mare e il diritto di obbedire al diritto (internazionale) del comandante della nave privata
2019
Shipmasters are commonly considered the addressees of an international legal duty to rescue at sea. This article describes the evolution of international law in this field, from the first maritime conventions of the 1910's to the IMO Safety Committee's resolutions of the 2010's. It then argues that behind the duty to rescue there is a hidden right of the shipmaster. This right has a moral pedigree and is functional to the full compliance of the duty itself. It can be enforced in the national legal order against any State (or private entity) that tries to obstruct the shipmaster's activities of assistance or to penalize her or him for the assistance given. National judges enforce this right …
Kilohertz and Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation With the Same Pulse Duration Have Similar Efficiency for Inducing Isometric Knee Extension Torque …
2017
International audience; Objective To test the hypotheses that, as compared with pulsed current with the same pulse duration, kilohertz frequency alternating current would not differ in terms of evoked-torque production and perceived discomfort, and as a result, it would show the same current efficiency.Design A repeated-measures design with 4 stimuli presented in random order was used to test 25 women: (1) 500-microsecond pulse duration, (2) 250-microsecond pulse duration, (3) 500-microsecond pulse duration and low carrier frequency (1 kHz), (4) 250-microsecond pulse duration and high carrier frequency (4 kHz). Isometric peak torque of quadriceps muscle was measured using an isokinetic dyna…
Franchisors' disclosure duty: market transparency and franchisee protection
2014
The franchisee is usually the most vulnerable part of the franchise relationship, and should therefore receive greater protection from the legal framework. In this regard, the franchisor's pre-contractual disclosure duty has evolved in its legal status. Whereas its original purpose was to ensure transparency in the market, it now serves to protect the franchisee. In this paper, we compare the franchisor's obligations established by the legal framework in Spain with those set out in the Model Law drawn up by The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law.
Low-Frequency Therapeutic Ultrasound with Varied Duty Cycle: Effects on the Ischemic Brain and the Inner Ear
2009
Sonothrombolysis is a promising modality for acute stroke treatment. In vitro data suggest a duty cycle dependence of sonothrombolytic efficacy of low-frequency applications. The aim of our study was to examine its impact on safety issues in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats were exposed to transcranial 60-kHz ultrasound with varied duty cycles. To determine effects on the inner ear, the acoustic threshold was determined in additional healthy animals (acoustic evoked potentials). A short duty cycle (20%) resulted in significant adverse effects (ischemic volume, hemorrhage, functional outcome), which was not observed in longer duty cycle (80%). Continuous-wave insonation …
Expert witness in paternity testing in Germany.
2003
In Germany, paternity testing can be ordered by a judge as well as by private persons. In the case of private counselling, the expert has the duty to inform the parties on all medical, legal and ethical aspects. Informed consent must be given by each individual included in an exploration of family relationships. Due to the rapid progress of DNA typing in even minute amounts after polymerase chain reaction amplification, genotypes of short tandem repeat systems can be elicited by extraction from single cells. Therefore, the number of unlawful investigations of paternal relationships is steadily increasing. Here the requirements for paternity testing laboratories and sanctions for unlawful ex…
Low Current Density Driving Leads to Efficient, Bright and Stable Green Electroluminescence
2013
Electroluminescent devices have the potential to reshape lighting and display technologies by providing low-energy consuming solutions with great aesthetic features, such as flexibility and transparency. In particular, light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are among the simplest electro-luminescent devices. The device operates with air-stable materials and the active layer can be resumed to an ionic phosphorescent emitter. As a consequence, LECs can be assembled using solution-process technologies, which could allow for low-cost and large-area lighting applications in the future. High efficiencies have been reported at rather low luminances (<50 cd m(-2)) and at very low current densi…
A Test Circuit for GaN HEMTs Dynamic Ron Characterization in Power Electronics Applications
2019
Wide bandgap devices such as GaN HEMTs are a promising technology in the field of Power Electronics. Due to the physical properties of the Gallium nitride and the device design, they can outperform their Silicon counterparts for the design of highly efficient power switching converters. However, its design should face certain effects that can diminish its performance. One of such effect is the degradation mechanism known as dynamic onresistance (dynamic RON,), being its mitigation one of the main objectives in the design of the device. In this paper, a circuit is proposed for assessing if this effect is present in GaN transistors in power electronics applications. The circuit allows testing…