Search results for "Dynamic"

The Effect of Predator Population Dynamics on Batesian Mimicry Complexes.

2022

Understanding Batesian mimicry is a classic problem in evolutionary biology. In Batesian mimicry, a defended species (the model) is mimicked by an undefended species (the mimic). Prior theories have emphasized the role of predator behavior and learning as well as evolution in model-mimic complexes but have not examined the role of population dynamics in potentially governing the relative abundances and even persistence of model-mimic systems. Here, we examined the effect of the population dynamics of predators and alternative prey on the prevalence of warning-signaling prey composed of models and mimics. Using optimal foraging theory and signal detection theory, we found that the inclusion …

Heterozygote advantage and pleiotropy contribute to intraspecific color trait variability

2022

The persistence of intrapopulation phenotypic variation typically requires some form of balancing selection because drift and directional selection eventually erode genetic variation. Heterozygote advantage remains a classic explanation for the maintenance of genetic variation in the face of selection. However, examples of heterozygote advantage, other than those associated with disease resistance, are rather uncommon. Across most of its distribution, males of the aposematic moth Arctia plantaginis have two hindwing phenotypes determined by a heritable one locus-two allele polymorphism (genotypes: WW/Wy = white morph, yy = yellow morph). Using genotyped moths, we show that the presence of o…

Rational drug discovery : structural studies of protein-ligand complexes

2011

Vegetation Patterns in the Hyperbolic Klausmeier Model with Secondary Seed Dispersal

2023

This work focuses on the dynamics of vegetation stripes in sloped semi-arid environments in the presence of secondary seed dispersal and inertial effects. To this aim, a hyperbolic generalization of the Klausmeier model that encloses the advective downhill transport of plant biomass is taken into account. Analytical investigations were performed to deduce the wave and Turing instability loci at which oscillatory and stationary vegetation patterns arise, respectively. Additional information on the possibility of predicting a null-migrating behavior was extracted with suitable approximations of the dispersion relation. Numerical simulations were also carried out to corroborate theoretical pre…

Numerical Simulations of the Flow Field of a Submerged Hydraulic Jump over Triangular Macroroughnesses

2021

The submerged hydraulic jump is a sudden change from the supercritical to subcritical flow, specified by strong turbulence, air entrainment and energy loss. Despite recent studies, hydraulic jump characteristics in smooth and rough beds, the turbulence, the mean velocity and the flow patterns in the cavity region of a submerged hydraulic jump in the rough beds, especially in the case of triangular macroroughnesses, are not completely understood. The objective of this paper was to numerically investigate via the FLOW-3D model the effects of triangular macroroughnesses on the characteristics of submerged jump, including the longitudinal profile of streamlines, flow patterns in the cavity regi…

Gestural expressions in use for unveiling dynamic experience attributed to verbs

2013

The focus of this paper is on justifying the presented experimental design that aims at examining the enactive linkages between a verb’s content and a sensorimotor experience of movement. The experiment utilised spontaneous production of hand and vocal gestures for expressing the energetic feel attributed to a word. Preliminary qualitative analysis of the expressions shows degrees of similarity in terms of experiential movement qualities. These results imply that conceiving a verb’s meaning is not necessarily far removed from bodily action. peerReviewed

Sana-assosiaatioverkkojen koheesion yhteys ryhmädynamiikkaan

2016

Tässä pilottitutkimuksessa selvitettiin sana-assosiaatioiden koheesiota ryhmissä. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää, löytyykö yhtenäisyyttä ryhmän keskinäisen toimeen tulemisen välillä ja sen suhteen, kuinka ryhmät assosioivat sanoja. Assosiaatioiden koheesion mittaamisessa käytettiin pohjatietona muistiteorioita ja verkkoteoriaa. Koehenkilöt olivat Jyväskylän yliopistossa järjestetyn kurssin oppilaita, jotka jakaantuivat ryhmiin. Kurssin aluksi ensimmäiset assosiaatiotehtävät teetettiin oppilailla. Kurssin loputtua he tekivät kaksi uutta tehtävää sekä ensimmäiset tehtävät, jotta osalle tehtävistä saatiin kaksi eri mittauspistettä. Kurssin oppilaat sekä vetäjät täyttivät kurssin loputtua ryhmän k…

Vertex corrections for positive-definite spectral functions of simple metals

2016

We present a systematic study of vertex corrections in the homogeneous electron gas at metallic densities. The vertex diagrams are built using a recently proposed positive-definite diagrammatic expansion for the spectral function. The vertex function not only provides corrections to the well known plasmon and particle-hole scatterings, but also gives rise to new physical processes such as generation of two plasmon excitations or the decay of the one-particle state into a two-particles-one-hole state. By an efficient Monte Carlo momentum integration we are able to show that the additional scattering channels are responsible for the bandwidth reduction observed in photoemission experiments on…

Structure and dynamics in liquid bismuth and Bin clusters: A density functional study

2014

Density functional/molecular dynamics simulations with more than 500 atoms have been performed on liquid bismuth at 573, 773, 923, and 1023 K and on neutral Bi clusters with up to 14 atoms. There are similar structural patterns (coordination numbers, bond angles, and ring patterns) in the liquid and the clusters, with significant differences from the rhombohedral crystalline form. We study the details of the structure (structure factor, pair, and cavity distribution functions) and dynamical properties (vibration frequencies, diffusion constants, power spectra), and compare with experimental results where available. While the three short covalent bonds typical to pnictogens are characteristi…

Sustaining Attention for a Prolonged Duration Affects Dynamic Organizations of Frequency-Specific Functional Connectivity

2020

Sustained attention encompasses a cascade of fundamental functions. The human ability to implement a sustained attention task is supported by brain networks that dynamically formed and dissolved through oscillatory synchronization. The decrement of vigilance induced by prolonged task engagement affects sustained attention. However, little is known about which stage or combinations are affected by vigilance decrement. Here, we applied an analysis framework composed of weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and tensor component analysis (TCA) to an EEG dataset collected during 80 min sustained attention task to examine the electrophysiological basis of such effect. We aimed to characterize the phase…