Search results for "EARNINGS"
showing 10 items of 157 documents
Diversity of human capital attributes and diversity of remunerating systems
2008
08004 - 17 p.; Document de travail de l'IREDU 2008-02; This paper aims at comparing the respective impact of the traditional Human Capital Variables (HCV) and of competences explicitly assessed on employees' remuneration. The data are derived from an original survey conducted in five large banking companies in Portugal. Six hundred clerks were interviewed regarding their individual characteristics (age, gender, education, experience in the labour market, experience in the company). Their respective supervisors were asked to assess their competences using a list of thirty skills. Complementary models are used in this research, relating to earnings and the distribution of profit shares to emp…
Finnish Shipping — A Nordic Exception?
2012
The Finnish economy has for centuries been dependent on seaborne transport. In some periods, such as the mid-nineteenth century and the 1970s, Finland also emerged as an important shipping nation in international cross-trades. In the mid-1970s, Finnish tonnage was the sixth largest in the world in per capita terms — just after the Scandinavian countries (Karonen, 1992; Kaukiainen, 2008b). Nevertheless, compared to the other Nordic countries, it was a minor player in international shipping and, subsequently, it has fallen even further behind. In 1987, for example, the freight earnings of Finnish shipping were about one-fifth of those of Norway and about one-third of those of Denmark and Swed…
French engineering graduates in corporate R&D: is it worthwhile?
2009
In the early 1990s, several studies pointed out a significant gap in earnings between engineers in private firms working in Research and Development (R&D) and those in other activities. The purpose of this article is to assess, from conventional Mincerian models, to what extent these findings are still valid. The different levels of responsibility and job satisfaction of engineers in both types of activities are also analysed. The results clearly suggest a lower remuneration for engineers working in R&D in comparison to other activities, all things being equal. On the other hand, engineers involved in R&D activities have a greater dissatisfaction about the remuneration they receive, but als…
Strategic Accounting Choice Around Firm-Level Labor Negotiations
2014
Prior literature argues that managers make opportunistic income-decreasing accounting choices to limit the concessions made to trade unions. However, empirical research to date presents mixed evidence, potentially due to a common theoretical approach that views labor bargaining as a one-shot game in nature. Using a sample of U.S. firms that engage in firm-level labor collective agreement negotiations, we study whether managers act strategically to reduce the transfer of wealth to employees, and its consequences over investment efficiency. We expect that the repeated nature of this negotiation leads to cooperation among the parties and limits the incentives for earnings manipulation, partic…
On the Asymmetric Recognition of Good and Bad News in France, Germany and the United Kingdom
2001
We investigate whether accounting systems recognise bad news more promptly in earnings than good news, where news is proxied by changes in share price. The analysis is based on a sample of firm/years drawn from France, Germany, and the UK during 1990 to 1998. These three countries are the originators of three distinct legal traditions. Previous studies have argued that asymmetric recognition, one manifestation of conservative accounting, is sensitive to legal background and history. We find that in all three countries the contemporaneous association between earnings and returns is much stronger for bad news (i.e. when price changes are negative) than for good news, and although the results …
Rising Educational Attainment and Opportunity Equalization: Evidence from France
2020
Educational policies are widely recognized as the means par excellence to equalize opportunities among children with different social and family backgrounds and to promote intergenerational mobility. In this chapter, we focus on the French case and we apply the opportunity equalization criterion proposed by Andreoli, Havnes, and Lefranc (2019) for evaluating the effect of rising compulsory schooling requirements in secondary education. Our results show that such education expansion has a limited redistributive effect on students’ earnings distribution. Nonetheless, we provide evidence of opportunity equalization among groups of students defined by family background circumstances.
Migration and Individual Earnings in Finland: A Regional Perspective
1999
Attention has recently focused on the rapidly increasing pace and regional concentration of migration in Finland. Most migrants head to the growth centre regions located mainly in the southern parts of the country. This study investigates the effects of moving on individuals, and compares the post-move incomes across the Finnish regions. Significant regional differences in the types of inmigrants and their incomes are observed. The results indicate that, in general, migrants tend to benefit from moving in the form of higher post-move incomes. In particular, individuals who move to relatively rich regions have higher levels of income succeeding the move and also experience faster income grow…
Some facts behind graduate’s entrepreneurship in Europe
2010
As carcterísticas educacionais, motivacionais e econômicas são analizadasnuma amostra de jovens pós-graduados europeus para identifi car os elementos diferenciais do espírito empresarial. Os resultados sugerem, em primeiro lugar, queo gênero e o país de origem são relevantes para a decisão de se tornar um empresário;segundo, que os futuros empresários antcipam as demandas mais elevadasde competência que eles enfrentarão e se comportam consistentemente duranteos seus estudos; e, terceiro, que através do espírito empresarial os pós-graduadosconseguem rendas mais elevadas e situações de trabalho mais satisfatórias do quepor meio de outras formas de participação laboral.
Potential Emigration of Latvian Labour Force After Joining the EU and its Impact on Latvian Labour Market
2003
This paper uses empirical evidence from several sources to shed light on patterns of mobility of Latvian labour force during the transition period as well as in the years to come. Updated inter-regional migration rates show that Latvian population is relatively mobile compared to some other European nations. Other things equal, during the transition period people were more likely to leave districts with low wage levels and to enter the ones where earnings are higher, despite many countervailing factors; outflow rates tended to be larger from high unemployment regions. Analysis of individual migration decisions made in 1989-1999 and migration plans for 1999-2002 confirms significance of econ…
Stock earnings and bond yields in the US 1871–2017 : The story of a changing relationship
2021
Abstract Using historical data spanning almost 150 years, we examine whether there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the stock's earnings and bond yields. The novelty of our econometric methodology consists in using a vector error correction model where we allow multiple structural breaks in the equilibrium relationship. The results of our analysis suggest the existence of an equilibrium relationship over 1871–1932 and 1958–2017. On the two historical segments, our analysis finds that the stock's earnings yield followed the bond yield in both the short run and long run, but not the other way around. Perhaps the most important and surprising finding of our empirical study is tha…