Search results for "ECOSYSTEMS"
showing 10 items of 283 documents
L'introuvable gouvernance des forêts
2023
La foresterie française est dans une impasse et souffre d'un manque de vision publique, l'État laissant les coudées franches aux propriétaires privés. Afin de poser les bases d'une filière forêt-bois vraiment durable, J.-P. Guyon plaide pour un abandon du principe de multifonctionnalité des forêts.
Taxonomic and Functional Clumping of Exotic Macroinvertebrates: the Case of French Inland Waters
2005
International audience
Invasion de Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacé, Amphipode) dans les eaux continentales françaises : dynamiques et conséquences
2003
National audience
Extension rapide de l'aire de répartition de Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacé, Amphipode) en France : Causes et conséquences
2003
International audience
Biotic homogenisation in bird communities leads to large‐scale changes in species associations
2021
The impact of global change on biodiversity is commonly assessed in terms of changes in species distributions, community richness and community composition. Whether and how much associations between species are also changing is much less documented. In this study, we quantify changes in large-scale patterns of species associations in bird communities in relation to changes in species composition. We use network approaches to build three community-aggregated indices reflecting complementary aspects of species association networks. We characterise the spatio–temporal dynamics of these indices using a large-scale and high-resolution dataset of bird co-abundances of 109 species monitored for 17…
Black currant project: Multidisciplinary approach to agro-ecological measures
2022
The decline of wild pollinators leads to a drastic drop in the associated ecosystem service, resulting in significant lossesin agricultural yields. The production of blackcurrant “Noir de Bourgogne” could potentially be tripled, if populationsof wild pollinators were restored. Various agroecological measures beneficial to pollinators are discussed here, as wellas ongoing experimental tests. We discuss the practical possibilities of implementing these measures by blackcurrantgrowers as well as the technical locks that still exist. The return to an agroecological equlibrium for which pollinationbecomes again a free ecosystem service for agriculture, requires the integration of multiple agroec…
Synchronie entre l'offre et la demande dans le cycle des nutriments: apprendre des écosystèmes naturels pour construire des agrosystèmes durables
2023
Redesigning agrosystems with more ecological regulations can help feed a growing population, preserve soils for future productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, guidelines for redesigning agrosystems from natural systems are limited. Reviewing the last knowledge of ecosystem functioning, we outlined four ecological systems synchronizing the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota to fluctuating plant nutrient demand. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrient, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. We detail how ecological systems promoting synchrony can be ins…
Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature
2015
Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis …
DIAGSOL : development of a new functional marker of exposure to herbicides B-triketones in an agricultural soil
2020
Numerous herbicides target an enzyme found not only in weeds but also in « non-target organisms » such as microorganisms. This proof-of-concept study aims to use microbial gene encoding the targeted enzyme or the targeted enzyme itself as a marker for herbicide exposure in soils. The hppd gene and the encoded enzyme (HPPD; 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase), targeted by B-triketone herbicides, are the subject of this study. In silico analyses reveal that the hppd gene is spread out in all bacterial phyla. Primers specific to this gene were designed. This primer pair is used to measure the abundance, the composition and the diversity of the hppd bacterial community in soil microcosms expos…