Search results for "EED"
showing 10 items of 5952 documents
Muscle Transcriptomic Investigation of Late Fetal Development and Determinism of Maturity at Birth in Two Extreme Breeds: Meishan and Large White
2014
Quelles pratiques agricoles pour préserver les peuplements riches en espèces messicoles ?
2016
A consequence of the agricultureal intensification of the second part of the XXth century is the depletion of some species linked to arable fields. These species called “segetal” are considered since 2012 under a National Action Plant (PNA). A survey has been conducted to explore the relationships between these segetal weeds and agricultural practices. It involved 159 farm plots for two years in three regions having contrasted climates, soils and farming systems. Data of species richness are presented in relation to agricultural practices. They cannot allow hierarchical ranking of the most favourable practices, whatever the region, but rather the presence of segetal weeds is associated with…
Impact of fertilization and direct seeding on activity and abundance of key denitrifier communities in a tropical soil
2007
Affiche, résumé; The aim of this work was to investigate to which extent different practices impacted on the bacterial communities involved in N2O emission.
Différences de capacités d’induction de la germination de deux pathovars d’orobanche rameuse sur une gamme d’hôtes des familles des brassicacées et f…
2016
Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a holoparasite weed causing significant yield losses on several crops, especially in France on winter oilseed rape fields. The ability to induce germination of seeds of branched broomrape, variable between host species, represent an important information to identify the status of weed species present in the crop (host or non-host). In this study, conducted in in vitro conditions, we focused on two botanical families and two dominant pathovars of branched broomrape in France. We show that the host species is the only important explanatory factor of seed germination rate, the latter being not affected by the pathovar. Among the species stu…
Soil weed seedbank composition and structure in a long-term nutrient management experiment
2016
EAGESTAD; Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e.g. ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type, and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. New York ranks third in the United States in the number of dairy cows and thus dairy manure applications are prevalent throughout the state. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer on soil weed seedbank composition and structure in a long-term nutrient management experiment. The field experiment was initiated in 2001 at the Cornell Musgrave Research Farm in Aurora, NY and compared ten treatments in a corn-alfalfa rotation using a rand…
Variation of post-dispersal weed seed predation according to weed species, space and time
2008
International audience; Post-dispersal seed predation is an important source of mortality in plant populations. If this phenomenon is better known in tropical and woody systems, information is lacking for weeds in French agrosystems. In this paper, we evaluated seed predation variability in an organic wheat field by conducting experiments on weed seed preference and on spatial and temporal variation in predation rates. Weed seed predation preferences followed a species rank: Viola arvensis = Stellaria media > Alopecurus myosuroides = Chenopodium album > Sinapis arvensis = Anagallis arvensis = Galium aparine > > Plastic globules (for control), with weekly mean predation rates between 19 and …
Archéophytes et néophytes.Pour une nouvelle détermination des marqueurs polliniques de l'anthropisation. Le cas des milieux cultivés et rudéraux de F…
2007
297p. de synthèse, annexes p.299-414, 15 articles en soumission Diplôme : Dr. d'Universite
Behind the French National Action Plan in favor of Messicoles, the rare arable weeds
2013
Earliest concerns about weed species disappearing from the fields in France rose in the 70s, but they gained recognition in 1993 only with a scientific meeting entitled: “Are weeds worth protecting?“. Thereafter, the French Ministry of Environment initiated a data collection and expert discussion through the network of the National Botanic Conservatories (scientific structures in charge of the survey and preservation of the wild flora and habitats). This approach recently ended with the release of a 241 pages document presenting the state of the art about 102 species strictly associated with arable lands in France: the “Messicoles” (from Latin words meaning “living in cereals”). In 2009 and…
Seed coat structure in Medicago truncatula : histological changes associated with seed development.
2007
National audience