Search results for "EED"
showing 10 items of 5952 documents
First results of weed evolution in no tillage systems in winter wheat in France
2013
International audience; The adoption of no-tillage is presently a strong trend in Europe. If this cropping system is to be widely adopted in the 1980s in the North and South America, in Australia, no tillage is used by few farmers in France where agriculture and tillage are considered synonymous by farmers and agronomists. Weed infestation is generally described as to increase when the selection pressure due to soil tillage is reduced. The European strengthened regulations on herbicide used and the ban of transgenic crop in France does not facilitate the development of non-tillage. This communication presents the first results on the evolution of weed communities on farmer’s fields in East …
Arable weeds in agricultural landscapes: new paradigms and emerging challenges
2008
National audience
Amino acids for parasitic weed management
2017
Prod 2017-322 SPE GESTAD INRA; International audience
Herbicide site specific spraying: use of simulations to study the impact of section width
2019
International audience; Site specific spraying is one way to reduce the amount of herbicide required to control weeds. The impact of boom section width was investigated by using simulated weed infestation maps with various weed coverage rates. Herbicide applications were simulated combining these virtual maps with various boom sections widths and various theoretical spray patterns. The objective was to quantify the herbicide reduction possibilities and potential under-application areas. Simulation derived results are analyzed using three indicators: i) the ratio between herbicide amount in the case of a targeted application and the amount deposited in the case of a full application, ii) the…
The pea genome and beyond
2019
International audience; The recently generated pea genome sequence is a significant step for the pea research community towards unravelling functional diversity and establishing genome-enabled breeding. Re-sequencing data reveal the considerable diversity present in the Pisum genus. High-throughput genotyping is now available to explore large collections using the exome capture technology in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or tackle map-based QTL cloning. Furthermore, genomic selection strategies have been developed in order to tackle complex traits such as yield regularity and improve selection efficiency. We will present snapshots of these results and discuss potential transfer of …
Toward a better prediction of in-field weed regulation by carabid beetles in European arable landscapes
2019
International audience; Arable agriculture is still highly reliant on herbicides to manage weeds. As part of the necessary shift towards a reduction in pesticide use, the regulatory effect of seed-eating carabid beetles on weeds has received increasing attention in agroecological research. While strong evidence points to carabids exerting a regulatory effect on certain weed species, it is difficult to predict whether a particular assemblage of carabid species will drive the function of weed seed predation in field conditions. There are also uncertainties about which key local and landscape-scale factors affect the function of weed seed predation. In this paper, we report on specific researc…
Ex ante evaluation of gene flow in oilseed rape with cropping sytem models
2009
International audience
Species-specific prey choice of carabid beetles in European cereal fields
2017
National audience; Trophic interactions between species in agroecosystems provide key regulation ecosystem services and therefore also determine the dynamics, robustness and resilience of service provision. To achieve international goals of reducing application of pesticides without compromising key provisioning ecosystem services such as crop yield, recent research attaches importance to the biological control potential of carabid beetles. However, apart from feeding on pest species and weed seeds, carabids also consume non-pest prey (alternative prey) such as collembolans and earthworms, which can play a contradictory role in the efficacy of pest and weed control. Most carabids are descri…
Regulation of legume seed size by an endosperm-expressed transcription factor
2015
BAP Pôle GEAPSI; International audience; There are numerous reports of transcription factors (TFs) which are implicated in the control of seed size and seed composition. We have identified, using a platform of TF sequences derived from the Medicago truncatula genome sequence, a class of TFs specifically expressed during the seed filling stage. One such TF, DASH, was shown to be confined to the developing endosperm. We investigated the role played by DASH through analysis of mutant alleles. These give rise to seed-lethal or near-lethal phenotypes, with degeneration of the endosperm and arrested embryo development. The relation of this phenotype to seed auxin action was investigated.