Search results for "EFF"
showing 10 items of 13980 documents
Effect of Ion Escape Velocity and Conversion Surface Material on H- Production
2011
According to generally accepted models surface production of negative ions depends on ion escape velocity and work function of the surface. We have conducted an experimental study addressing the role of the ion escape velocity on H− production. A converter‐type ion source at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center was employed for the experiment. The ion escape velocity was affected by varying the bias voltage of the converter electrode. It was observed that due to enhanced stripping of H− no direct gain of extracted beam current can be achieved by increasing the converter voltage. The conversion efficiency of H− was observed to vary with converter voltage and follow the existing theories in qual…
Jahn–Teller effects in Au25(SR)18
2016
The relationship between oxidation state, structure, and magnetism in many molecules is well described by first-order Jahn–Teller distortions. This relationship is not yet well defined for ligated nanoclusters and nanoparticles, especially the nano-technologically relevant gold-thiolate protected metal clusters. Here we interrogate the relationships between structure, magnetism, and oxidation state for the three stable oxidation states, −1, 0 and +1 of the thiolate protected nanocluster Au25(SR)18. We present the single crystal X-ray structures of the previously undetermined charge state Au25(SR)18+1, as well as a higher quality single crystal structure of the neutral compound Au25(SR)180. …
Long-range spin accumulation from heat injection in mesoscopic superconductors with Zeeman splitting
2015
Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY).
Does innovativeness reduce startup survival rates?
2015
There are two competing hypotheses explaining how innovativeness influences the survival of startups: On the one hand, innovativeness is argued to foster survival-enhancing attributes (e.g., market power and cost efficiency) and capabilities (e.g., absorptive capacity). On the other hand, an innovative startup faces (and bears the associated risks of) liabilities of newness and smallness that exceed those of its non-innovative counterparts. The available empirical literature addressing this theoretical tension mostly supports the former hypothesis; we suggest that this finding is, in part, driven by the common practice of employing an ex post measure that already embodies a degree of succes…
Dynamic Sustainability. Sustainability Window Analysis of Chinese Poverty-Environment Nexus Development
2015
Sustainability Window is a new analysis tool for assessing the sustainability of development simultaneously in all of its three dimensions (environmental, economic, and social). The analysis method provides information of the maximum and minimum economic development that is required to maintain the direction of social and environmental development towards more sustainable targets. With the Sustainability Window method it is possible to easily analyze the sustainability using different indicators and different time periods making comparative analyses easy. The new method makes it also possible to analyze the dynamics of the sustainability and the changes over time in the width of the window.…
Emerging and Traditional Donors in the ‘Post-Busan’ Context: Assessing Brazil’s and Finland’s Cooperation Practices in Mozambique
2015
At the same time as the ‘emerging donors’ have gained relevance in the development cooperation system, they have also challenged established principles of aid. This article compares Brazil's and Finland's development cooperation practices in the light of recent global tendencies in the aid architecture. Based on empirical research carried out in Mozambique, Brazil, and Finland, the article gives a detailed review of the institutional and historical settings of each bilateral cooperation. The authors then analyse how two central concepts reinforced during the Busan High Level Forum have been put into practice by a ‘new emerging’ and a ‘traditional Nordic’ donor. For ‘development effectivenes…
A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles)
2021
(1) Background: Tennis ball tracking technology allows the aquirement of novel and reliable data about several performance indicators, such as volley positions. This information is key to understand match dynamics in doubles tennis and to better help preparing players for the demands they will face in match play. As such, the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the different types of volley positions in men’s and women’s doubles professional tennis. (2) Methods: Ball tracking data were collected for 46 women (Billie Jean King Cup) and 96 men’s doubles matches (Davis Cup). The variables used were the distance to the net, the distance to the centre of the court and the height of…
El crimen de agresión : ¿es posible su persecución judicial internacional?
2021
The paper analyses the crime of aggression, in particular the recent activation of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over it and the main obstacles to its effective prosecution, taking into consideration the low number of States Parties that have ratified the Amendments that regulate it
Il carattere ambientale di un tributo non prevale sul divieto di introdurre tasse ad effetto equivalente ai dazi doganali
2007
Il concetto di tributo ambientale in ambito comunitario risponde a specifici requisiti che coinvolgono gli elementi fondamentali del prelievo, quali la determinazione del presupposto e della base imponibile. Le scelte nazionali non sempre risultano coincidenti. L'ammissibilità e il favor comunitario verso l'introduzione di tributi a finalità ambientale deve sempre essere compatibile con il rispetto dei principi di divieto di tasse equivalenti a dazi doganali e di non discriminazione.
Fear of failing in a competitive achievement setting : the relations between fear of failure, achievement goals and achievement behaviours among adol…
2017
Tutkimme, miten epäonnistumisen pelko on yhteydessä tavoiteorientaatioihin, pitkäjänteisyyteen, panostamiseen ja viihtymiseen teini-ikäisten poikien jalkapalloharrastuksessa. Olimme lisäksi kiinnostuneita siitä, miten yhteneväisiä pelaajien itsearvioinnit ja heidän valmentajiensa arviot olivat pelaajien pitkäjänteisyyteen, panostamiseen ja viihtymiseen liittyen ja vaikuttiko valmennusaika mahdollisiin näkemyseroihin. Epäonnistumisen pelko on tyypillinen haittailmiö kilpailullisessa toiminnassa, se edeltää usein epäedullisten tavoiteorientaatioiden syntymistä ja on yhteydessä viihtymisen vähenemiseen ja harrastuksen lopettamiseen. Tavoiteorientaatiot kertovat tarkempaa tietoa motivaation laa…