Search results for "ELECTRICITY"

A Strain Sensing Structural Health Monitoring System for Delaminated Composite Structures

2012

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for composite materials is becoming a primary task due to their extended use in safety critical applications. Different methods, based on the use of piezoelectric transducers as well as of fiber optics, has been successfully proposed to detect and monitor damage in composite structural components with particular attention focused on delamination cracks.In the present paper a Structural Health Monitoring model, based on the use of piezoelectric sensors, already proposed by the authors for isotropic damaged components, is extended to delaminated composite structures. The dynamic behavior of the host damaged structure and the bonded piezoelectric sensors is m…

Electricity demand management by optimising the use of HVAC and HWS through AMI

2017

The consumption of electricity is increasing with consistent increase in demand of electricity. Advance metering infrastructure (AMI) is a part of energy management system (EMS) that can pro-actively control the consumption of electricity by engaging with utilities for demand management in real-time. The analysis of the electricity consumption pattern of an Australian house is conducted in this study. The investigation reveals that Heat Ventilation Air conditioning (HVAC) and Hot Water System (HWS) consume approximately 50% of the total electricity consumption. Optimised utilization of these two systems efficiently using AMI can help in reduction of electricity consumption. The study also i…

On the effects of BAC systems and load control programs on the utility grid

2017

The electricity demand increasing for the comfort improvement in residential buildings is nowadays stressing the MV and LV networks in urban areas. In this framework, the Distribution System Operators (DSO) are exposed to the risk of reliability decrease and there is, earlier than expected, the issue of new and substantial investments for enhancing the network infrastructure. Nevertheless, DSOs have a very strong inclination to defer investment in new facilities in favour of more "flexible measures" for improving the life of the existing components. Solutions of this type are primarily based on demand management, i.e. activities aimed at encouraging the end-users to a different/smart electr…

New dispatching strategy for the integration of active-demand and distributed storage in the electricity market

2015

The proliferation of Distributed Generation (DG) in power systems calls for a redesign of electricity network management, which should be able to accommodate large amounts of intermittent generation. This issue requires a discussion about the current dispatching regulation, giving distributed storage systems and qualified electricity consumption the opportunity to provide ancillary services to the distribution grid. In this work, a new dispatching strategy for the integration of active-demand and distributed storage in the Italian electricity market is presented. The strategy is focused on a distribution Smart Grid (SG), where customers can indirectly participate to the Day-Ahead (DA) and t…

Tuning the pH-Switch of Supramolecular Polymer Carriers for siRNA to Physiologically Relevant pH

2017

The preparation of histidine enriched dendritic peptide amphiphiles and their self-assembly into multicomponent pH-switchable supramolecular polymers is reported. Alternating histidine and phenylalanine peptide synthons allow the assembly/disassembly to be adjusted in a physiologically relevant range of pH 5.3-6.0. Coassembly of monomers equipped with dendritic tetraethylene glycol chains with monomers bearing peripheral primary amine groups leads to nanorods with a tunable cationic surface charge density. These surface functional supramolecular polycations are able to reversibly bind short interfering RNA (siRNA). The nanorod-like supramolecular polymers, their complexation with siRNA, and…

Monitoring Results and Energy Performances Evaluation of Freescoo Solar DEC Systems

2016

Abstract This work addresses the energy saving performances of some solar Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling (DEC) systems working with the freescoo technology. The innovative freescoo concept is based on the use two fixed and cooled adsorption beds and advanced indirect evaporative cooling processes. The main feature of this new adsorption bed concept is to allow the simultaneous dehumidification and cooling of air. The systems analyzed have been installed in Italy last here and results based on field monitoring data are here presented. A description of the monitored systems and comparisons between the energy performances based on the main performance indicators such as EER, thermal COP, co…

Ambient-temperature high-pressure-induced ferroelectric phase transition in CaMnTi2O6

2017

The ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition of multiferroic ${\mathrm{CaMnTi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ has been investigated at high pressures and ambient temperature by second-harmonic generation (SHG), Raman spectroscopy, and powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. We have found that ${\mathrm{CaMnTi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ undergoes a pressure-induced structural phase transition ($P{4}_{2}mc\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P{4}_{2}/nmc$) at $\ensuremath{\sim}7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ to the same paraelectric structure found at ambient pressure and ${T}_{c}=630\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The continuous linear decrease of the SHG intensity that disappears at 7 …

Structure and properties of tris(tetramethylammonium) nonabromodiarsenate(III), [(CH3)4N]3[As2Br9]

2007

The new tetramethylammonium bromoarsenate(III) crystal [(CH3)4N]3 [As2Br9] has been synthesized and its phase behaviour established by differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry. Three phase transitions are found: at 346/346 K , at 165/171 K and at 157/165 K on cooling/heating. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies of phases I (at 370 K) and II (at 298 K) have shown that the structure comprises discrete [As2Br9]3− anions and disordered [(CH3)4N]+ cations. Phase II crystallizes in the polar space group P31c; its polar nature was confirmed by pyroelectric measurements. Phase I has higher symmetry, P63mc or . Dielectric dispersion measurements revealed a relaxation process in the cry…

Contribution of Ferroelectric Domains on Diffraction Line Profiles of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>

1993

Electric properties of KTiOPO4and NaTiOPO4from temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction

1999

Single crystals of KTiOPO4(KTP) and NaTiOPO4(NaTP) show pronounced pyroelectric behaviour. In order to determine the origin of this property on an atomic scale, X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out at several temperatures between 100 and 600 K. Modelling of the electron density and the evolution of the structure as a function of temperature has enabled the determination of values for the spontaneous polarization of the compounds and the pyroelectric coefficient of KTP, principally due to the alkaline-ion displacements with a value of 2.0 nC cm−2 K−1. Structure modifications, compared with NaTiOPO4, and the calculation of the electrostatic potential explain the anisotropic be…