Search results for "ELT"
showing 10 items of 2198 documents
Human Vδ1+ T Cells in the Immune Response to Plasmodium falciparum Infection
2019
Naturally acquired protective immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is mainly antibody-mediated. However, other cells of the innate and adaptive immune system also play important roles. These include so-called unconventional T cells, which express a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) rather than the αβ TCR expressed by the majority of T cells-the conventional T cells. The γδ T-cell compartment can be divided into distinct subsets. One expresses a TCR involving Vγ9 and Vδ2, while another major subset uses instead a TCR composed of Vδ1 paired with one of several types of γ chains. The former of these subsets uses a largely semi-invariant TCR repertoire and responds in an innate-like fashion to pyro…
γδ T Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: From Immunosurveillance to Tumor Evasion.
2018
gamma delta T cells possess cytotoxic antitumor activity mediated by production of proinflammatory cytokines, direct cytotoxic activity, and regulation of the biological functions of other cell types. Hence, these features have prompted the development of therapeutic strategies in which gamma delta T cells agonists or ex vivo-expanded gamma delta T cells are administered to tumor patients. Several studies have shown that gamma delta T cells are an important component of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients affected by different types of cancer and a recent analysis of similar to 18,000 transcriptomes from 39 human tumors identified tumor-infiltrating.d T cells as the most significant …
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Specifically Suppress IFN-γ Production and Antitumor Cytotoxic Activity of Vδ2 T Cells.
2018
γδ T cells represent less than 5% of circulating T cells; they exert a potent cytotoxic function against tumor or infected cells and secrete cytokines like conventional αβ T cells. As αβ T cells γδ T cells reside in the typical T cell compartments (the lymph nodes and spleen), but are more widely distributed in tissues throughout the body. For these reasons, some investigators are exploring the possibility of immunotherapies aimed to expand and activate Vδ2 T cells, or using them as Chimeric Antigen Receptor carriers. However, the role of immunosuppressive microenvironment on Vδ2 T cells during infections and cancers has not been completely elucidated. In particular, the effects of myeloid-…
Aberrantly Expressed Embryonic Protein NODAL Alters Breast Cancer Cell Susceptibility to γδ T Cell Cytotoxicity
2020
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells kill transformed cells, and increased circulating γδ T cells levels correlate with improved outcome in cancer patients; however, their function within the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) remains controversial. As tumors progress, they begin to express stem-cell associated proteins, concomitant with the emergence of therapy resistant metastatic disease. For example, invasive breast cancers often secrete the embryonic morphogen, NODAL. NODAL has been shown to promote angiogenesis, therapy resistance and metastasis in breast cancers. However, to date, little is known about how this secreted protein may interact with cells in the TME. Herein we explore how NODAL in …
Bordeaux 2018: Wine, Cheese, and γδ T Cells
2019
The first ‘International γδ T cell conference’ took place in Denver, CO (USA) in 2004. Since then, a new meeting is held every two years. During each conference, all participants voted to choose between candidate bids for where to hold the next conference. At the conference held in London in 2016, a majority opted for the bid from a team proposing the 2018 event be held in Bordeaux, France – which is where we therefore gathered on 7-10th of June 2018. The meeting was an undisputed success and it gave us the opportunity to take stock of the increasing basic knowledge about γδ T cells as well as the rapidly expanding interest and activities developing using γδ T cells towards clinical applica…
Gamma-Delta CAR-T Cells Show CAR-Directed and Independent Activity Against Leukemia
2020
Autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against the CD19 antigen are in the frontline of contemporary hemato-oncology therapies, leading to high remission rates in B-cell malignancies. Although effective, major obstacles involve the complex and costly individualized manufacturing process, and CD19 target antigen loss or modulation leading to resistant and relapse following CAR therapy. A potential solution for these limitations is the use of donor-derived γδT cells as a CAR backbone. γδT cells lack allogenecity and are safely used in haploidentical transplants. Moreover, γδT cells are known to mediate natural anti-tumor responses. Here, we describe a 14-da…
Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease: From James Parkinson to the Concept of Prodromal Disease.
2018
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is based on clinical features and differently to the common opinion that detecting this condition is easy, seminal clinico-pathological studies have shown that up one-fourth of patients diagnosed as PD during life has an alternative diagnosis at post-mortem. The misdiagnosis is even higher when only the initial diagnosis is considered, since the diagnostic accuracy improves by time, during follow-up visits. Given that the confirmation of the diagnosis of PD can be only obtained through neuropathology, to improve and facilitate the diagnostic-therapeutic workup in PD, a number of criteria and guidelines have been introduced in the last three decades.…
Influence of the metaphysis positioning in a new reverse shoulder prosthesis
2016
Aim of this work is to investigate the behaviour of a new reverse shoulder prosthesis, characterized by a humeral metaphysis with a variable offset, designed to increase the range of movements and to reduce the impingement. In particular, by means of virtual prototypes of the prosthesis, different offset values of the humeral metaphysis have been analysed in order to find the best positioning able to maximize the range of movements of the shoulder joint. The abduction force of the deltoid, at different offset values, has been also estimated. The study has been organized as follows. In the first step, the point clouds of the surfaces of the different components of the prosthesis have been ac…
Caring through Discipline? Analyzing House Rules in Community Mental Health Services in Norway
2016
In Scandinavian countries, public housing and recreation programs for people suffering from mental health or substance abuse problems emphasize normalization of life and participation in a normal social life. The theoretical approach taken by community health care services has been de-institutionalization. To study if and how this movement from patient to fully participating citizen was reflected in these new institutions, written house rules in sheltered housing and day centers for adults were collected and analyzed by content analysis. The findings show that the formal language represents the voice of professionals, while the content pertained to regulation of the service user’s daily lif…
CONOCIMIENTOS, ACTITUDES HACIA LA ORIENTACIÓN SEXUAL, COMPORTAMIENTOS DE RIESGO Y ABUSOS SEXUALES EN MUJERES CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL
2016
Abstract:KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES TO SEXUAL ORIENTATION, RISK BEHAVIORS AND SEXUAL ABUSE IN WOMEN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIESThe purpose of this study is to analyze of attitudes to sexuality expression, knowledge about safe and risk sex practices and sexual behavior in a sample of women with intellectual disabilities, to prevent sexual violence against this group. The sample consists of 39 women, aged between 27 and 52 years living in sheltered housing, residential homes or households. The results obtained through a structured interview and a scale of sexual perception adapted to the study population, indicate that the most common and acceptable behavior in women between 27 and 35 years is t…