Search results for "EMO"
showing 10 items of 21432 documents
A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements
2017
Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system sensitivity was demonstrated in the UVA and UVB spectral regions, of relevance to a number of application areas. Here, we report on the first deployment of PiCam devices in one such field: UV remote sensing of sulphur dioxide emissions from volcanoes; such data provide important insights into magmatic processes and are applied in hazard assessments. In particular, we report on field trials on Mt. Etna, where the utility of these devices in quantif…
Spatially resolved SO2 flux emissions from Mt Etna
2016
Abstract We report on a systematic record of SO2 flux emissions from individual vents of Etna volcano (Sicily), which we obtained using a permanent UV camera network. Observations were carried out in summer 2014, a period encompassing two eruptive episodes of the New South East Crater (NSEC) and a fissure‐fed eruption in the upper Valle del Bove. We demonstrate that our vent‐resolved SO2 flux time series allow capturing shifts in activity from one vent to another and contribute to our understanding of Etna's shallow plumbing system structure. We find that the fissure eruption contributed ~50,000 t of SO2 or ~30% of the SO2 emitted by the volcano during the 5 July to 10 August eruptive inter…
Lidar detection of carbon dioxide in volcanic plumes
2015
Volcanic gases give information on magmatic processes. In particular, anomalous releases of carbon dioxide precede volcanic eruptions. Up to now, this gas has been measured in volcanic plumes with conventional measurements that imply the severe risks of local sampling and can last many hours. For these reasons and for the great advantages of laser sensing, the thorough development of volcanic lidar has been undertaken at the Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory (UTAPRAD-DIM) of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA). In fact, lidar profiling allows one to scan remotely volcanic plumes in a fast and continuous way, and with high s…
Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar
2017
Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by precursory increases in the volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Unfortunately, the traditional techniques used to measure volcanic CO2 require near-vent, in situ plume measurements that are potentially hazardous for operators and expose instruments to extreme conditions. To overcome these limitations, the project BRIDGE (BRIDging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanoes) received funding from the European Research Council, with the objective to develop a new generation of volcanic gas sensing instruments, including a novel DIAL-Lidar (Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging) for remote (e.g., distal) …
Le politiche di contrasto al rischio da maremoto: il caso di Stromboli
2020
This chapter, intending to be part of the reasoning on the perception of risk from extreme natural events, intends to describe the main contents of the National Emergency Plan for volcanic events of national importance on the island of Stromboli (ME) prepared in 2015 by the Department for the Civil Protection (DPC). The volcanic island of Stromboli is in fact largely exposed to the risk associated with the activities of the volcano of the same name, especially that of the tsunami. The effusive activity of the Stromboli in fact causes a marked instability of the slope known as Sciara del Fuoco which can induce, as happened at the end of 2002, a tsunami. The contribution, starting from a desc…
视觉工作记忆中数量和精度的权衡关系是否受个体自发控制
2021
There is a negative correlation between the quality and quantity of memory representations in visual working memory, and this negative correlation is seen as a trade-off between quantity and quality. However, it is unclear whether this trade-off is entirely stimulus-driven or can be controlled voluntarily by individuals according to task demands, which has led to a debate on the mechanism of memory resource allocation. This paper systematically reviews the development of research on whether the trade-off between quantity and quality is subject to individual voluntary control, and point out this voluntary control is influenced by the exposure duration and working memory capacity, and some su…
АНТРОПОМОРФНЫЙ ВОТИВНЫЙ ХЛЕБ В ИТАЛЬЯНСКИХ ПРАЗДНИКАХ
2014
In Italy there are various records of the recurring presence of ceremonial breads; among these we may observe votive anthropomorphic breads, in particular in Sicily. These “special” breads are prepared for calendar festivals, for the patron saints’ days celebrations or anyway for celebrations of particular relevance for single communities, being connected to critical phases of the wheat cycle: that is to say, the month of May, the earing season, and June—July, the harvest season. This allows us to make the hypothesis that a devotional and votive value as regards these breads might be added to a more ancient logic of offerings to deities, connected to a vision of the rural world. In this sen…
Measuring Vulnerability of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Italy
2019
In recent years, a growing number of forced migrants have travelled to Italy across the Mediterranean Sea. While the number of new arrivals has diminished since 2017, the Italian reception system still struggles to process the high number of applications for international protection. A significant proportion of forced migrants who arrive in Italy end up living in informal settlements, such as occupied buildings, shacks, containers and tented camps. In this study, we assess the vulnerability of asylum seekers and refugees living in informal settlements in Italy, using data from the first nationally representative survey of this population. We compare a count measure of vulnerability with a n…
From ‘intercultural-washing’ to meaningful intercultural education: Revisiting higher education practice
2021
This is the first special issue that JPHE hosts—and could there be a more suitable forum for an issue dedicated to exploring and encouraging a critical dialogue around transformative intercultural communication teaching practices in higher education (HE)? What has led us to engage with the theme of making intercultural education meaningful is a shared observation that there seems to be an increasing disconnect between recent developments in intercultural communication theory and practice. With so much critique published over the years, we are perplexed as to why traditional notions of culture still prevail not only in mainstream intercultural communication research but also in institutional…
Qualitative case study of Congolese children's current friendships in Finland and past experiences as refugees in Rwanda, 1996-2012
2013
Tutkijat ovat osoittaneet, että sosiaalisen tuen sekä vuorovaikutus- ja vertaissuhteiden merkityksestä sodasta kärsineiden lasten elämässä tarvitaan lisätutkimusta. Oheinen kvalitatiivinen tapaustutkimus pienentää tätä puutetta aiemmassa tutkimuksessa tarjoamalla lisätietoa kongolaisten pakolaislasten interpersoonallisista vuorovaikutussuhteista ystävien kanssa Suomeen muuton jälkeisessä tilanteessa. Katsottaessa identiteettien muodostusta ja kulttuurien luomista ilmiöinä, näiden neuvottelujen nähdään tapahtuvan ihmisten välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa. Tästä näkökulmasta katsottuna oheinen poikkitieteellinen tutkimus ottaa huomioon myös näiden neuvotteluiden historiallisen kontekstin. Monimut…