Search results for "ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION"

Implication of eNOS Uncoupling in Cardiovascular Disease

2017

Under physiological conditions, nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the vasculature mainly by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Endothelial NO relaxes blood vessels, inhibits platelet activity, and protects against atherosclerosis. Under pathological conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, eNOS may become uncoupled. Uncoupled eNOS generates superoxide at the expense of NO and contributes substantially to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Major mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling include deficiency of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, deficiency of the eNOS substrate L-arginine, and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Reversal of eNOS uncoupling may rep…

Smoking and Oxidative Stress: Vascular Damage

2007

Choroidal thickness is associated with renal hemodynamics in essential hypertension

2020

The choroid is the most vascularized structure of the eye and plays a central role in the development of the retinal vascular changes that occur in arterial hypertension. Changes of choroidal thickness (ChT) assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology could reflect the vascular complications of hypertension. Also, intrarenal hemodynamic damage, associated with endothelial dysfunction, demonstrated to be a good indicator of systemic morphofunctional arterial impairment. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between ChT and renal hemodynamics in subjects with essential hypertension. Routine laboratory tests, clinical history, and physical examination, including blo…

Relationship between endothelial dysfunction, intima media thickness, and other cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic subjects

2005

Relationship between fetuin-A, glomerular filtration rate and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney…

2009

COX-2, Another Important Player in the Nitric Oxide–Endothelin Cross-Talk

2006

See related article, pages 1439–1445 Traditionally, the role of the endothelium was thought to be primarily that of a selective barrier to the diffusion of macromolecules from the vessel lumen to the interstitial space. During the past 20 years, numerous additional roles for the endothelium have been defined such as regulation of vascular tone, modulation of inflammation, promotion as well as inhibition of vascular growth, and modulation of platelet aggregation and coagulation. Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic feature of patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic smoking. More recent studies indicate that i…

0134 : Atrial fibrillation is associated with a marker of endothelial function and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2016

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF), whether silent or symptomatic, is a frequent and severe complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous eNOS inhibitor, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. We addressed the relationship between ADMA plasma levels and AF occurrence in AMI. Methods 273 patients hospitalized for AMI were included. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring (CEM) e48 hours was recorded and ADMA was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography on admission blood sample. Results The incidence of silent and symptomatic AF was 39(14%) and 29 (11%), respectively. AF patients were markedly older than patients wit…

0127: Atrial fibrillation is associated with a marker of endothelial function and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2016

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF), whether silent or symptomatic, is a frequent and severe complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous eNOS inhibitor, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. We addressed the relationship between ADMA plasma levels and AF occurrence in AMI. Methods 273 patients hospitalized for AMI were included. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring (CEM) ≥48 hours was recorded and ADMA was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography on admission blood sample. Results The incidence of silent and symptomatic AF was 39(14%) and 29 (11%), respectively. AF patients were markedly older than patients wit…

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications.

2011

In a previous issue of Annals of Medicine, we presented evidence in support of the concept that an abnormally increased production of reactive oxygen species plays a central role in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular disease. While a number of preclinical lines of evidence support this concept, and despite the results of many studies suggesting a beneficial impact of antioxidant drugs on endothelial function, large clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of antioxidants on cardiovascular outcomes. Studies exploring the possibility that classical antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, or folic acid may improve the prognosis of patients with cardiac disea…

Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate improves angiotensin II induced vascular dysfunction via induction of heme oxygenase-1

2010

The organic nitrate pentaerythritol tetranitrate is devoid of nitrate tolerance, which has been attributed to the induction of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1. With the present study, we tested whether chronic treatment with pentaerythritol tetranitrate can improve angiotensin II–induced vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction. In contrast to isosorbide-5 mononitrate (75 mg/kg per day for 7 days), treatment with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (15 mg/kg per day for 7 days) improved the impaired endothelial and smooth muscle function and normalized vascular and cardiac reactive oxygen species production (mitochondria, NADPH oxidase activity, and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase)…