Search results for "ENERGIA"
showing 10 items of 1046 documents
Il territorio e l'uso delle energie rinnovabili nella città
2012
In Italia, secondo quanto riportato nell’Annuario dei Dati Ambientali del 2010, redatto a cura dell’Ispra, le emissioni di gas serra sono state in costante aumento a partire dal 1996 fino al 2004, per poi subire un’inversione di tendenza negli anni successivi con un -5,7% nel 2008 rispetto al 2004. Complessivamente le emissioni energetiche di gas serra nel 2008 sono cresciute del 8,2% rispetto al 1990. Inoltre, sulla base delle quantità di emissioni, l’Italia potrebbe non essere in grado di rispettare l’obiettivo di riduzione fissato per l’Italia dal Protocollo di Kyoto e dal burden sharing interno dell’Unione Europea (una riduzione del 6,5% tra il 2008 e il 2012, con riferimento ai livelli…
Effects of COVID19 pandemic on the Italian power system and possible countermeasures
2021
Abstract The paper analyses the dramatic effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian power system, considering the impacts on load and generation, market issues and ancillary services provision. During the period between March and May 2020, the Italian scenario was considered as exemplary due to the large reduction of loads and thermal generation caused by the hard lockdown across the Country. Italy has experienced the most severe effects of pandemic in terms of increase of death rates and of pressure on the health system as well as severity of the countermeasures. As a domino effect, the total lockdown of one of the most industrialized countries in the world has creat…
Il PAES di Palermo: azioni ed interventi di una città in divenire CITTA' COME MOTORE DI SVILUPPO DEL PAESE - The Sustainable energy action plan of Pa…
2013
Il Patto dei Sindaci costituisce la cornice europea per coinvolgere attivamente le città nella strategia verso la sostenibilità energetica e ambientale. L’iniziativa, lanciata nel 2008 nell’ambito della seconda edizione della Settimana europea dell’energia sostenibile, ha portato all’adesione di oltre 1600 città tra cui 20 capitali europee e numerose città di paesi non membri dell’UE, con una mobilitazione di oltre 140 milioni di cittadini. Il Patto allo stato attuale si colloca tra i principali strumenti di sviluppo sul territorio nazionale dei principi di sostenibilità urbana, portando come valore aggiunto il merito di poter essere motore per il rilancio dell’economia e dell’immagine di m…
Smart Community Infrastructures
2016
This chapter outlines the concept of intelligent and multi-service infrastructures, addressing the interesting aspects of multi operability, potential of cogeneration and multi-carrier energy hubs, whose basic concepts were only recently described in [1]. The infrastructures that serve a community, such as energy distribution, water and waste piping, mobility and ICT networks are, in fact, the most important means for efficient operation of cities. The chapter, after outlining the contents of the document ISO TR 37150: 2014 concerning the Smart Community Infrastructures, highlights the different approaches needed to implement them within existing cities and newly built cities. At the end, t…
Mixed heuristic-non linear optimization of energy management for hydrogen storage-based multi carrier hubs
2014
In this paper, an heuristic and non-linear programming based algorithm to optimally operate an energy hub plant is proposed. The energy hub plant described in this work is the test system for the European INGRID research project. The Energy Management System defines the optimal energy flows dispatch in order to obtain the energy balance and the maximum profit for the owner of the plant. The problem is highly constrained and non-linear, for this reason the methodology cannot rely on Linear Programming (LP) methods. The Energy Management System manages two energy carriers, electricity and hydrogen, interfacing three distribution networks: the electricity, the hydrogen and the methane networks…
Innovative control logics for a rational utilization of electric loads and air-conditioning systems in a residential building
2015
The paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact on residential buildings of innovative control logics defined for a rational utilization of the electric loads and air-conditioning systems. The control logics are implementable thanks to a Decision Support and Energy Management Systems developed by the same authors and easily installable in new and still-existing houses. The paper shows how a significant reduction of the primary energy consumption can be obtained by controlling the air-conditioning units together with the other electric loads of the house. After having explained how the control logics operate, a simulation tool is described, developed for a preliminary evaluation of their e…
Experimental validation of the BAC factor method for lighting systems
2017
In the last few years, many buildings have been equipped with Building Automation and Control (BAC) systems. BAC systems can be used to achieve a significant reduction of the electrical consumption and to have all the well acknowledged benefits from the daylight (e.g. occupant comfort, health, well-being and productivity). For this reason, Standard EN 15232 "Energy performance of buildings — Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management" puts into evidence the importance of the presence of BAC and Technical Building Management (TBM) systems, suggests a classification of these systems, explains their main functionalities and presents a simplified method to estimate their im…
The requirements and compliance of the Finnish act on energy efficiency in a large enterprise : a case study from the healthcare industry
2015
Energy management is becoming increasingly important for organizations due to legislative, environmental, and economic causes. The Act on Energy Efficiency came into force in Finland on 1st January 2015. One of the law’s obligations requires large enterprises to enhance and report their energy efficiency performance with an energy audit every four years. However, a large company can be exempted from the energy audit obligation in three ways under the Finnish law. The aim of this study is to discover the best solution for the target organization to meet the obligations posed by The Act on Energy Efficiency. The options considered in this study are: 1) performing energy audit as the law requi…
Technical-economical evaluation for distributed storage applications. An Italian case study for a medium-scale public facility
2014
Time-of-use energy cost management involves the use of storage by customers to reduce their electricity bills. This can be accomplished by charging the storage during off-peak time periods, when electricity energy prices are low, and discharging it during times when on-peak energy prices are applied. This article addresses the question whether it is economically viable to install medium-scale distributed storage devices in the power system designed to lower the electricity cost for a customer-side application, assuming flexible electricity tariffs. The technical/economical evaluation is carried out referring to Lithium ion (Li-ion), Sodium Sulphur (NaS) and Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) tech…
Simulation of a single-phase five-level cascaded H-Bridge inverter with multicarrier SPWM B-Spline based modulation techniques
2017
Multilevel Power Inverters are now often used to convert DC to AC voltage waveform. This kind of converter allows high power quality with low output harmonics and lower commutation losses with respect to the traditional ones in order to optimize this aspect. This paper presents a novel simulation analysis of the Multicarrier Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (MC SPWM) techniques B-Spline functions based to control the switches of five-level single-phase cascaded H-bridge inverter. In order to verify the performance of the converter, the harmonic content of the voltage due to modulation techniques has been taken into account. Results highlight the comparison between different B-Spline functi…