Search results for "ENFORCEMENT"

Pre-marital and pre-unional financial agreements and their circulation in the context of the new EU regulations 2016/1103 and 2016/1104

2021

Regulations (EU) 2016/1103 and 2016/1104 provide spouses and partners with the possibility to conclude agreements for the organization of their property regime but do not detail their content and structure. Moreover, while the possibility to conclude those agreements even prior to the marriage or the conclusion of a registered partnership is a valuable innovation in comparison with other European Regulations in family matters, some choices made by the European legislator on applicable law will likely be source of inconveniences. Furthermore, as for their recognition and enforcement in the participating Member States ? which will be based on the same rules enacted for decisions, authentic in…

Freedom and Enforcement in Action : A Study in Formal Action Theory

2015

Driving under the influence of alcohol: frequency, reasons, perceived risk and punishment

2015

Background The aim of this study was to gain information useful to improve traffic safety, concerning the following aspects for DUI (Driving Under the Influence): frequency, reasons, perceived risk, drivers' knowledge of the related penalties, perceived likelihood of being punished, drivers’ perception of the harshness of punitive measures and drivers’ perception of the probability of behavioral change after punishment for DUI. Methods A sample of 1100 Spanish drivers, 678 men and 422 women aged from 14 to 65 years old, took part in a telephone survey using a questionnaire to gather sociodemographic and psychosocial information about drivers, as well as information on enforcement, clustered…

Police involvement in cases of intimate partner violence against women: the influence of perceived severity and personal responsibility.

2008

The influence of perceived severity and sense of personal responsibility of police officers on their level of involvement in cases of intimate partner violence against women is analyzed. Three levels of police involvement are considered: low, medium, and high. The sample consists of 143 Spanish police officers. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design is conducted to test hypotheses. Effects of perceived severity and personal responsibility are found only at the highest level of police involvement. For low and medium levels of involvement, no differences in perceived severity and personal responsibility of police officers are found.

Police attitudes toward policing partner violence against women: do they correspond to different psychosocial profiles?

2010

This study analyzed whether police attitudes toward policing partner violence against women corresponded with different psychosocial profiles. Two attitudes toward policing partner violence were considered—one reflecting a general preference for a conditional law enforcement (depending on the willingness of the victim to press charges against the offender) and the other reflecting a general preference for unconditional law enforcement (regardless of the victim’s willingness to press charges against the offender). Results from a sample of 378 police officers showed that those police officers who expressed a general preference for unconditional law enforcement scored higher in other-oriented…

Programmi di clemenza e azione risarcitoria: convivenza possibile?

2014

This work stems from the European Directive on antitrust damages actions and enquires on the need to preserve the effectiveness of antitrust public and private enforcement within the framework of the relationship between the leniency programmes and actions for damages. As is well known, the leniency programmes allow companies involved in an agreement prohibited by competition law to cooperate with competent Antitrust Authority in order to disclose such an infringement and obtain the immunity or a reduction from fines. This generates the need to preserve the secrecy of leniency statements in order to not deter companies from using such a programme. The Directive provides, inter alia, that na…

La Direttiva 2014/104/UE sul risarcimento dei danni per violazione della normativa antitrust dell'Unione Europea e la sua attuazione in Italia

2019

Con il d.lg. 13 gennaio 2017, n. 3, è stata data attuazione alla direttiva 2014/104/UE del Parlamento e del Consiglio del 26 novembre 2014, relativa a determinate norme che regolano le azioni per il risarcimento del danno ai sensi del diritto nazionale per violazioni delle disposizioni del diritto della concorrenza degli Stati membri e dell'Unione europea. Il saggio esamina criticamente le novità e le principali questioni interpretative poste dal nuovo testo. With the legislative decree 13 January 2017, n. 3, has been implemented in Italy the 2014/104 / EU directive of the Parliament and of the Council of 26 November 2014 , concerning certain rules governing actions for damages under nation…

Accessibility of eGovernment Web Sites: Towards a Collaborative Retrofitting Approach

2010

Published version of a chapter from the book: Computers Helping People with Special Needs.The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14097-6_75 Accessibility benchmarking is efficient to raise awareness and initiate competition. However, traditional benchmarking is of little avail when it comes to removing barriers from eGovernment web sites in practice. Regulations and legal enforcement may be helpful in a long-term perspective. For more rapid progress both vendors and web site maintainers are willing to take short-term action towards improvements, provided that clear advise is available. The approach of the eGovernment Monitoring pro…

Constrained consistency enforcement in AHP

2020

Abstract Decision-making in the presence of intangible elements must be based on a robust, but subtle, balance between expert know-how and judgment consistency when eliciting that know-how. This balance is frequently achieved as a trade-off reached after a feedback process softens the tension frequently found between one force steadily pulling towards (full) consistency, and another force driven by expert feeling and opinion. The linearization method, developed by the authors in the framework of the analytic hierarchy process, is a pull-towards-consistency mechanism that shows the path from an inconsistent body of judgment elicited from an expert towards consistency, by suggesting optimal c…

La riunificazione familiare dello straniero nei trattati sui diritti umani

2010

Family reunification contributes to the integration of aliens in the countries of destination and the development of their personality as well, but it entails the increase in the demand for social facilities. As a consequence States tend to reduce the opportunities for family reunification. The study analyses the activity of the organs of control set up by the international conventions on human rights and aims at identifying the obligations on States’ sovereignty stemming from the rules of these conventions protecting family life or disciplining family reunification. In assessing the lawfulness of States’ rules on family reunification or decisions on individual cases these organs verify whe…