Search results for "ENZYMES"
showing 10 items of 730 documents
Effects of Norepinephrine and Cardiotrophin-1 on Phospholipase D Activity and Incorporation of Myristic Acid Into Phosphatidylcholine in Rat Heart
2004
The present study is part of a project on phospholipase D (PLD) in cardiac hypertrophy and analyzed effects on PLD activity of two growth stimuli, norepinephrine (NE) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), in incubated rat heart. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was labeled by 3H-myristic acid. PLD produced 3H-phosphatidylethanol (3H-PEth) from 3H-PC in the presence of ethanol and maintained a basal formation of 3H-PEth. Short-term and long-term exposure to NE for 2 or 13 h, respectively, enhanced the formation of 3H-PEth, which was blocked by prazosin. Long-term pretreatment with NE or CT-1 increased the incorporation of 3H-myristic acid into PC, which was blocked by atenolol. When the 3H-PEth formation was …
Muscle adenylate kinase in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
1986
Abstract On the basis of electrophoretic and enzyme inhibition studies it was postulated that an aberrant adenylate kinase occurs in muscle and serum of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Schirmer, R.H. and Thuma, E. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 268, 92–97; Hamada, M. et al. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 660, 227–237; Hamada et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11595–11602. On the basis of the following results we conclude that Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients do not possess an unusual adenylate kinase isoenzyme. (1) In muscle biopsies from five Duchenne patients, the electrophoretic mobility of adenylate kinase and the inhibition of the enzyme by P 1 , P 5 -di(adenosine-5′)pentap…
Serum TRACP 5b Is a Useful Marker for Monitoring Alendronate Treatment: Comparison With Other Markers of Bone Turnover
2005
We studied clinical performance of serum TRACP 5b and other bone turnover markers, including S-CTX, U-DPD, S-PINP, S-BALP, and S-OC, for monitoring alendronate treatment. TRACP 5b had higher clinical sensitivity, area under the ROC curve, and signal-to-noise ratio than the other markers. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical performance of serum TRACP 5b (S-TRACP5b) with that of other markers of bone turnover in the monitoring of alendronate treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blinded study included 148 healthy postmenopausal women that were randomly assigned into two groups: one receiving 5 mg alendronate daily (n=75) and the other receiving placebo …
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b: A Novel Serum Marker of Bone Resorption
2000
Human serum contains two forms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), 5a and 5b. Of these, 5a contains sialic acid and 5b does not. We show here that antigenic properties and pH optimum of TRAP purified from human osteoclasts are identical to those of serum TRAP 5b and completely different from those of serum TRAP 5a, suggesting that 5b would be derived from osteoclasts and 5a from some other source. We developed a novel immunoassay specific for 5b using a monoclonal antibody O1A as capture antibody. O1A did not bind acid phosphatase derived from platelets and erythrocytes. Western analysis showed that O1A was specific for TRAP in both human bone and serum. We measured bound TRAP ac…
Expression of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in experimentally denervated and reinnervated skeletal muscle.
1997
Denervated muscle fibers express enhanced levels of stress and apoptosis-associated proteins and undergo apoptosis. In experimentally denervated and reinnervated rat facial muscle, we now evaluate changes in the expression patterns of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-generating nitric oxide (NO), which mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis. Physiological expression of NOS corresponds to a constant sarcolemmal staining pattern for neuronal NOS (nNOS) and a patchy sarcolemmal and weak sarcoplasmic labeling for the endothelial NOS-isoform, with no expression for inducible NOS (iNOS). Denervated muscle displayed distinct downregulation of nNOS with preserved expression of dys…
Statin-Induced Liver Injury Involves Cross-Talk between Cholesterol and Selenoprotein Biosynthetic Pathways
2009
Statins have become the mainstay of hypercholesterolemia treatment. Despite a seemingly clear rationale behind their use, the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, these compounds have been shown to elicit a variety of unanticipated and elusive effects and side effects in vivo. Among the most frequently noted side effects of statin treatment are elevations in liver enzymes. Here, we report our finding that atorvastatin, cerivastatin, and lovastatin at clinically common concentrations induce a selective, differential loss of selenoprotein expression in cultured human HepG2 hepatocytes. The primarily affected selenoprotein was glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whose biosynthesis, steady-state expressi…
Effects of enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa on glomerular filtration rate in patients with Fabry disease: preliminary data
2007
Progressive deposition of globotriaosylceramide results in severe complications involving the kidney, heart and brain in both hemizygous male and heterozygous female patients with Fabry disease. Analysis of renal data from FOS - the Fabry Outcome Survey - suggests that enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa can significantly improve renal function in patients with Fabry disease, at least in those with a mild decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and may also be able to slow down the natural decline in renal function in patients with a moderate reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion: Initial results from the large cohort of patients within FOS indicate that treatment …
Characterization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms expressed in different structures of the guinea pig cochlea.
1997
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NADPH diaphorase staining has previously been reported in mammalian cochlea. Here we demonstrate immunoreactivity for neuronal-type NOS I and endothelial-type NOS III in the cochlea of the guinea pig. NOS I immunoreactivity was seen in inner and outer hair cells, and spiral ganglion cells. Staining for NOS I was also shown in basal and intermediate cells of the stria vascularis, spiral ligament cells, and the media of vessels near the modiolus. An antibody to NOS III stained primarily vascular endothelial cells. Some NOS III immunoreactivity was also detected in spiral ganglion cells. An antibody to the inducible-type NOS II did not stain any structu…
Hereditary angioneurotic oedema and blood-coagulation: interaction between C1-esterase-inhibitor and the activation factors of the proteolytic enzyme…
1983
C-1-inactivator (C-1-INA) does not only exert its important inhibitory functions in the complement system but also in the first step in the activation of the coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein system. We therefore determined in nine patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE) with obvious quantitative or functional defects of C-1-INA, and one further patient with Quincke-type oedema of different origin, the coagulation factors of the initial phase such as Hageman factor, plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). These factors were further correlated with the concentration as well as functional activity of C-1-INA. Nine of ten patients …
Biochemical and histological alterations of cellular metabolism from jerboa (Jaculus orientalis) by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Effects on d-3-hy…
2007
?; International audience; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) is one of the widely used herbicide of the phenoxy family with possible startling number of adverse effects on species other than the weeds which is designed to kill. The effects of 2,4D were investigated in jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), a wild animal of subdesert highlands. The jerboas have been daily treated intraperitonally with 2,4D 3 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Plasmatic markers, and antioxidants defences systems were assessed and histological alterations were evaluated. The in vivo and in vitro effects of 2,4D on the mitochondrial D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) were also determined. Our results showed a strong…