Search results for "EPIDEMIC"
showing 10 items of 138 documents
La linea spezzata. Una ricostruzione critica dell'attuale deficit di coerenza
2021
Siamo nell’era della smemoratezza. Una smemoratezza prodotta dalla sovrabbondanza di informazioni, dalla pratica del multitasking, dalla propensione a demandare la conservazione dei ricordi ai device e ai cloud di cui facciamo uso ogni giorno. La fragilità della memoria ha spezzato la linea che congiungeva passato, presente e futuro, la linea che li attraversava e li rendeva coerenti. Ma lo ha fatto solo nella nostra testa, perché sul piano della realtà gli effetti delle scelte di ieri non smettono di presentarsi all’oggi. L’allargamento degli orizzonti culturali prodotto dalla globalizzazione ha ridotto tutti gli elementi del nostro panorama a dettagli lontani e indistinguibili. Ma lo ha f…
Enfermeiras e profissionais durante a epidemia de gripe de 1918: Análise através da imprensa española
2018
espanolObjetivo: La epidemia de gripe de 1918 se considera una de las mas letales de la historia de la humanidad, ocasionando una alta morbilidad y mortalidad que quedo reflejada en la prensa espanola. Por ello, pretendemos abordar los acontecimientos relativos a la epidemia en relacion con los profesionales de Enfermeria desde la perspectiva periodistica. Material y metodo: A partir de diez cabeceras de periodicos espanoles se ha procedido a la extraccion de las informaciones relativas a profesionales de Enfermeria, desde el 1 de enero de 1918 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1920, procediendo a su organizacion y caracterizacion tematica. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 555 unidades de an…
Los efectos de la adversidad climática y sanitaria sobre la agricultura y la sociedad castellonense del siglo XVIII
2017
El presente artículo recurre a la microhistoria para analizar los archivos municipales de la Plana de Castelló, con el objetivo de obtener nuevas referencias sobre la evolución climática de la fachada mediterránea peninsular durante un periodo cronológico concreto: el siglo XVIII, enclavado en los estadios finales de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo. Con esta finalidad, se abordarán las principales sequías, precipitaciones extremas, plagas y epidemias acontecidas en la Plana de Castelló durante el Setecientos, y aquellos recursos, tanto religiosos como seculares, utilizados para prevenir, primero, y erradicar, después, las adversidades climáticas, biológicas y sanitarias. This paper discusses a mic…
Reflexiones sobre cómo evaluar y mejorar la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19
2020
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado de manera particularmente intensa a España, pese a su nivel de desarrollo y la elogiada solidez de su Sistema Nacional de Salud. Para comprender qué ha pasado e identificar cómo mejorar la respuesta creemos imprescindible una evaluación independiente multidisciplinaria de la esfera sanitaria, política y socioeconómica. En este trabajo proponemos objetivos, principios, metodología y dimensiones a evaluar, además de esbozar el tipo de resultados y conclusiones esperadas. Nos inspiramos en los requerimientos formulados por el panel independiente de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y en las experiencias evaluativas en otros países, y detallamos la propuest…
Optimisation du protocole de recherche des Escherichia coli producteurs de Shiga-toxines (STEC) dans les aliments
2011
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are an important subset of Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC) associated with foodborne infections. These bacteria can cause hemorrhagic diarrhoeal disease and Haemolytic and Uremic Syndrome which are associated with some predominant serotypes defined by AFSSA institute: O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157.Cattle are the primary reservoir of STEC. Although STEC transmission to humans is frequently associated with consumption of meat, dairy products have also been implicated in human cases. Sensitive and rapid detection methods for STEC are essential for the food industry to ensure a safe food supply. However, the detection of STEC in foods is problemat…
Ebola: an open letter to European governments.
2014
After months of inaction and neglect from the international community, the Ebola epidemic in west Africa has now spiralled utterly out of control. Today, the virus is a threat not only to the countries where the outbreak has overwhelmed the capacity of national health systems, but also to the entire world. We urge our governments to mobilise all possible resources to assist west Africa in controlling this horrific epidemic. Based on our expertise in public health and emergency response, we believe the following measures would be particularly eff ective. First, with regards to human resources, given the huge need for trained health-care professionals in west Africa, we urge European governme…
Comparing analytical methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater
2021
Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a reliable strategy to assess the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Recent publications suggest that SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater is technically feasible; however, many different protocols are available and most of the methods applied have not been properly validated. To this end, different procedures to concentrate and extract inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and surrogates were initially evaluated. Urban wastewater seeded with gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and mengovirus (MgV) was used to test the concentration efficiency of an aluminum-based adsorption-precipitation method and a polyethylene…
SIVS epidemic model with stochastic perturbation
2010
Real-time parameter estimation of Zika outbreaks using model averaging
2017
SUMMARYEarly prediction of the final size of any epidemic and in particular for Zika disease outbreaks can be useful for health authorities in order to plan the response to the outbreak. The Richards model is often been used to estimate epidemiological parameters for arboviral diseases based on the reported cumulative cases in single- and multi-wave outbreaks. However, other non-linear models can also fit the data as well. Typically, one follows the so called post selection estimation procedure, i.e., selects the best fitting model out of the set of candidate models and ignores the model uncertainty in both estimation and inference since these procedures are based on a single model. In this…
Quantifying transmission fitness costs of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
2021
As multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to spread, investigating the transmission potential of different drug-resistant strains becomes an ever more pressing topic in public health. While phylogenetic and transmission tree inferences provide valuable insight into possible transmission chains, phylodynamic inference combines evolutionary and epidemiological analyses to estimate the parameters of the underlying epidemiological processes, allowing us to describe the overall dynamics of disease spread in the population. In this study, we introduce an approach to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) phylodynamic analysis employing an existing computationally efficient mod…