Search results for "ESA"

showing 10 items of 11914 documents

Excitation Energy-Transfer in the LH2 Antenna of Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria via Excitonic B800 and B850 States

2000

A newly developed CIEM method that uses a combination of semi-empirical or ab-initio configuration interaction methods and exciton theory to predict electronic energies, eigenstates, absorption and CD spectra of aggregated chromophoric systems with environmental interactions included is extended and used for estimation of excitation energy transfer rates. Excitonic energy levels of the two ring systems the B800 and the B850 of the light harvesting antenna LH2 of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and the corresponding absorption spectrum were calculated by assuming inter-ring interactions to be zero. Excitation energy transfer rates were calculated by using the Fermi Golden rule with the dipole - …

symbols.namesakeDipoleAbsorption spectroscopyChemistryExcitonsymbolsFermi's golden ruleGeneral ChemistryAtomic physicsConfiguration interactionHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)ExcitationSpectral lineJournal of the Chinese Chemical Society
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Openness and Discreteness

2013

The aim of this chapter is to study conditions under which a mapping of finite distortion is open (maps open sets to open sets) and discrete (preimage of each point is a discrete set).

symbols.namesakeDirac measureDistortionMathematical analysisOpen setsymbolsOpenness to experiencePoint (geometry)Conformal mapDiscrete setNonlinear elasticityMathematics
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Poincare Inequalities and Spectral Gap, Concentration Phenomenon for G-Measures

2002

We produce a new approach based upon inequalities of Poincare’s type for giving constructive estimates of the mixing rate for a family of mixing stationary processes continuously depending on their past called g-measures. We establish also exponential inequalities of Hoeffding’s type leading to a concentration phenomenon for a large class of observables; this last property permits in particular to give the typical behaviour of the n-orbits of a g-measure.

symbols.namesakeDirichlet formMathematical analysissymbolsSpectral gapProduct topologyGibbs measureType (model theory)ConstructiveMixing (physics)MathematicsExponential function
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Saddle index properties, singular topology, and its relation to thermodynamic singularities for aϕ4mean-field model

2004

We investigate the potential energy surface of a ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{4}$ model with infinite range interactions. All stationary points can be uniquely characterized by three real numbers ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{+},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ with ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{+}+{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}+{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{-}}=1$, provided that the interaction strength $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is smaller than a critical value. The saddle index ${n}_{s}$ is equal to ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and its distribution function has a maximum at ${n}_{s}^{\mathrm{max}}=1∕3$. The density $p(e)$ of stationary points with energy per particle $e$, as well as…

symbols.namesakeDistribution functionMean field theoryEuler characteristicPotential energy surfaceZero (complex analysis)symbolsGround stateTopologyEnergy (signal processing)Real numberMathematicsPhysical Review E
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Structure and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2-WO3Composites Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition

2015

In this work TiO2-WO3 composite films containing different oxide concentrations were prepared by electrophoretic deposition on steel substrates. Composite coating structures were analyzed by X -ray diffraction, Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed an even distribution of WO3 particles in the entire composite layer. Light absorption measurements were used for photocatalytic properties evaluation. It was found that the removal ratio of methylene blue depends on the (TiO2):(WO3) concentration ratio. The most effective photodegradation was determined for the sample that was electrophoretically deposited from the suspension with the molar content ratio n(TiO2):n(WO3…

symbols.namesakeElectrophoretic depositionMaterials scienceScanning electron microscopeComposite numbersymbolsPhotocatalysisAnalytical chemistryRaman spectroscopyPhotodegradationLayer (electronics)Concentration ratioNuclear chemistryIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Special Functions for the Study of Economic Dynamics: The Case of the Lucas-Uzawa Model

2004

The special functions are intensively used in mathematical physics to solve differential systems. We argue that they should be most useful in economic dynamics, notably in the assessment of the transition dynamics of endogenous growth models. We illustrate our argument on the Lucas-Uzawa model, which we solve by the means of Gaussian hypergeometric functions. We show how the use of Gaussian hypergeometric functions allows for an explicit representation of the equilibrium dynamics of the variables in level. In contrast to the preexisting approaches, our method is global and does not rely on dimension reduction.

symbols.namesakeEndogenous growth theorySpecial functionsDimensionality reductionGaussiansymbolsContrast (statistics)Hypergeometric functionOptimal controlRepresentation (mathematics)Mathematical economicsMathematicsSSRN Electronic Journal
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Optimisation algorithms in the case of mineral detection using Raman Analysis

2013

Abstract Raman analysis can be used to analyse the existence of minerals in an ore sample. Especially the interest here is to analyse given ore sample rapidly, to find out what minerals it contains. Rapid analysis would enable more rapid exploration of minerals as analysis could be carried out on-site. For this study, ore samples were collected from two mines in Northern Finland, Kittila and Kevitsa. An optimisation algorithm was constructed to form a linear combination of reference spectra which best represent the measured spectrum from an ore sample. The reference spectra were collected from a public source. It was found that solving for an optimal summation of reference spectra can be a …

symbols.namesakeEngineeringMineralbusiness.industrySample (material)symbolsMineralogyOptimisation algorithmGeneral MedicineNorthern finlandLinear combinationRaman spectroscopybusinessIFAC Proceedings Volumes
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New Invariant Domain Preserving Finite Volume Schemes for Compressible Flows

2021

We present new invariant domain preserving finite volume schemes for the compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes–Fourier systems. The schemes are entropy stable and preserve positivity of density and internal energy. More importantly, their convergence towards a strong solution of the limit system has been proved rigorously in [9, 11]. We will demonstrate their accuracy and robustness on a series of numerical experiments.

symbols.namesakeEntropy (classical thermodynamics)Finite volume methodSeries (mathematics)Convergence (routing)Euler's formulasymbolsApplied mathematicsLimit (mathematics)Invariant (mathematics)Domain (mathematical analysis)Mathematics
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Thermodynamics: Classical Framework

2016

This chapter starts with a summary of the thermodynamic potentials and the relationships between them which are obtained from Legendre transformation. This is followed by an excursion to some important global properties of materials such as specific heat, expansion coefficients and others. The thermodynamic relations provide the basis for a discussion of continuous changes of state which are illustrated by the Joule-Thomson effect and the Van der Waals gas. These are models which are more realistic than the ideal gas. The discussion of Carnot cycles leads to and illustrates the second and third laws of thermodynamics. The chapter closes with a discussion of entropy as a concave function of …

symbols.namesakeEntropy (classical thermodynamics)Fundamental thermodynamic relationOn the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous SubstancessymbolsNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsStatistical physicsCarnot cycleThermodynamic systemLaws of thermodynamicsThermodynamic potentialMathematics
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Truncation, Information, and the Coefficient of Variation

1989

The Fisher information in a random sample from the truncated version of a distribution that belongs to an exponential family is compared with the Fisher information in a random sample from the un- truncated distribution. Conditions under which there is more information in the selection sample are given. Examples involving the normal and gamma distributions with various selection sets, and the zero-truncated binomial, Poisson, and negative binomial distributions are discussed. A property pertaining to the coefficient of variation of certain discrete distributions on the non-negative integers is introduced and shown to be satisfied by all binomial, Poisson, and negative binomial distributions.

symbols.namesakeExponential familyBinomial (polynomial)Negative binomial distributionsymbolsGamma distributionApplied mathematicsProbability distributionTruncation (statistics)Poisson distributionMathematicsTruncated distribution
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