Search results for "EURA"

Two-days ahead prediction of daily maximum concentrations of SO2, O3, PM10, NO2, CO in the urban area of Palermo, Italy

2007

Abstract Artificial neural networks are functional alternative techniques in modelling the intricate vehicular exhaust emission dispersion phenomenon. Pollutant predictions are notoriously complex when using either deterministic or stochastic models, which explains why this model was developed using a neural network. Neural networks have the ability to learn about non-linear relationships between the used variables. In this paper a recurrent neural network (Elman model) based forecaster for the prediction of daily maximum concentrations of SO2, O3, PM10, NO2, CO in the city of Palermo is proposed. The effectiveness of the presented forecaster was tested using a time series recorded between …

The electron affinity of astatine

2020

One of the most important properties influencing the chemical behavior of an element is the electron affinity (EA). Among the remaining elements with unknown EA is astatine, where one of its isotopes, 211At, is remarkably well suited for targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer. With the At− anion being involved in many aspects of current astatine labeling protocols, the knowledge of the electron affinity of this element is of prime importance. Here we report the measured value of the EA of astatine to be 2.41578(7) eV. This result is compared to state-of-the-art relativistic quantum mechanical calculations that incorporate both the Breit and the quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections and…

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerve-mediated inhibitory control of pigeon oesophageal muscle.

1996

Pigeon oesophageal smooth muscle in vitro has spontaneous electromechanical activity. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine, electrical field stimulation evokes a transient TTX-sensitive response comprising inhibition of electric bursting activity and muscular relaxation. This NANC inhibitory response was analysed using the K+ channel blockers TEA and apamin, TEA perfusion (0.1-5 mM) induced a concentration-dependent reduction in amplitude of EFS-evoked relaxation. Responses to higher stimulation frequencies were more sensitive to TEA than those to lower ones. The maximum reduction in amplitude (29% of control) was obtained on 30 Hz EFS evoked responses during 5 mM TEA perfusion. In …

Electrophysiological and microiontophoretic analysis of the habenulo-hippocampal circuit.

1991

In the cat, the effects of lateral habenula stimulation, at different ranges of frequency, on hippocampal units were studied. Habenular stimulation at low frequency excited, while at high frequency inhibited the greater part of hippocampal units. Moreover, in order to clarify the possible pathway involved in the habenulo-hippocampal circuit, the effects of iontophoretic acetylcholine and serotonin on hippocampal units were compared with those of habenular stimulation. Iontophoretic acetylcholine induced both excitatory and inhibitory responses while serotonin induced only inhibitory responses. Iontophoretic atropine blocked the effects of acetylcholine ejection but did not antagonize stimul…

Enabling Real-Time Computation of Psycho-Acoustic Parameters in Acoustic Sensors Using Convolutional Neural Networks

2020

Sensor networks have become an extremely useful tool for monitoring and analysing many aspects of our daily lives. Noise pollution levels are very important today, especially in cities where the number of inhabitants and disturbing sounds are constantly increasing. Psycho-acoustic parameters are a fundamental tool for assessing the degree of discomfort produced by different sounds and, combined with wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs), could enable, for example, the efficient implementation of acoustic discomfort maps within smart cities. However, the continuous monitoring of psycho-acoustic parameters to create time-dependent discomfort maps requires a high computational demand that …

Music and Action

2013

Music performance includes planning, initiation, execution, monitoring, and correction of actions. This makes music performance a valuable tool for the study of human action and its neural correlates. This chapter reports action-related processes evoked by the perception of actions, and processes of error correction during music performance. Neuroscientific studies showed that, during the perception of action, neural systems are active that are also active during the performance of such actions. This supports the "common coding principle" stating that the late stages of perception and the early stages of action share a common representational format (such as the same neural code). Studies o…

Repetition suppression comprises both attention-independent and attention-dependent processes.

2014

International audience; Repetition suppression, a robust phenomenon of reduction in neural responses to stimulus repetition, is suggested to consist of a combination of bottom-up adaptation and top-down prediction effects. However, there is little consensus on how repetition suppression is related to attention in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. It is probably because fMRI integrates neural activity related to adaptation and prediction effects, which are respectively attention-independent and attention-dependent. Here we orthogonally manipulated stimulus repetition and attention in a target detection task while participants' electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. In…

Musical expertise modulates functional connectivity of limbic regions during continuous music listening.

2015

Music is known to be an important facet of all human cultures (Merriam, 1964). Listening to music in order to influence moods, evoke strong emotions, and derive pleasure is becoming increasingly common, especially in this day and age when access to music is easy and quick. In recent years, exploring the neural correlates of musical emotions has attracted the attention of neuroscientists (Brattico & Pearce, 2013; Koelsch, Fritz, v. Cramon, Muller, & Friederici, 2006). However, the majority of these studies have not accounted for the effect of musical expertise, despite increasing evidence of structural and functional differences between musicians and nonmusicians, particularly in the regions…

Neural Processing of Congruent and Incongruent Audiovisual Speech in School-Age Children and Adults

2017

Auditory, speech and language development in young children with cochlear implants compared with children with normal hearing.

2010

Abstract Objective This study had two aims: (1) to document the auditory and lexical development of children who are deaf and received the first cochlear implant (CI) by the age of 16 months and the second CI by the age of 31 months and (2) to compare these children's results with those of children with normal hearing (NH). Methods This longitudinal study included five children with NH and five with sensorineural deafness. All children of the second group were observed for 36 months after the first fitting of the device (cochlear implant). The auditory development of the CI group was documented every 3 months up to the age of two years in hearing age and chronological age and for the NH gro…