Search results for "EVASION"
showing 10 items of 81 documents
L'allontanamento del detenuto-padre dal domicilio al vaglio della Corte costituzionale
2019
Con la sentenza n. 211 del 2018, la Corte costituzionale ha dichiarato l’illegittimità costituzionale dell’art. 47-ter, comma 1, lettera b), e comma 8, della legge 26 luglio 1975, n. 354, nella parte in cui non limita la punibilità, ai sensi dell’art. 385 del codice penale, al solo allontanamento che si protragga per più di dodici ore, come stabilito dall’art. 47-sexies, commi 2 e 4, della legge 26 luglio 1975, n. 354, sul presupposto, di cui all’art. 47-quinquies, comma 1, della medesima legge, che non sussista un concreto pericolo di commissione di ulteriori delitti. Sebbene le tappe del percorso argomentativo seguito dalla Corte costituzionale possano considerarsi prevedibili, la sentenz…
Countering Adversarial Inference Evasion Attacks Towards ML-Based Smart Lock in Cyber-Physical System Context
2021
Machine Learning (ML) has been taking significant evolutionary steps and provided sophisticated means in developing novel and smart, up-to-date applications. However, the development has also brought new types of hazards into the daylight that can have even destructive consequences required to be addressed. Evasion attacks are among the most utilized attacks that can be generated in adversarial settings during the system operation. In assumption, ML environment is benign, but in reality, perpetrators may exploit vulnerabilities to conduct these gradient-free or gradient-based malicious adversarial inference attacks towards cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as smart buildings. Evasion attac…
Superior induction and maintenance of protective CD8 T cells in mice infected with mouse cytomegalovirus vector expressing RAE-1γ.
2013
Due to a unique pattern of CD8 T-cell response induced by cytomegaloviruses (CMVs), live attenuated CMVs are attractive candidates for vaccine vectors for a number of clinically relevant infections and tumors. NKG2D is one of the most important activating NK cell receptors that plays a role in costimulation of CD8 T cells. Here we demonstrate that the expression of CD8 T-cell epitope of Listeria monocytogenes by a recombinant mouse CMV (MCMV) expressing the NKG2D ligand retinoic acid early-inducible protein 1-gamma (RAE-1γ) dramatically enhanced the effectiveness and longevity of epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response and conferred protection against a subsequent challenge infection with List…
Genetic Variability of Hepatitis C Virus before and after Combined Therapy of Interferon plus Ribavirin
2008
We present an analysis of the selective forces acting on two hepatitis C virus genome regions previously postulated to be involved in the viral response to combined antiviral therapy. One includes the three hypervariable regions in the envelope E2 glycoprotein, and the other encompasses the PKR binding domain and the V3 domain in the NS5A region. We used a cohort of 22 non-responder patients to combined therapy (interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin) for which samples were obtained before initiation of therapy and after 6 or/and 12 months of treatment. A range of 25-100 clones per patient, genome region and time sample were sequenced. These were used to detect general patterns of adaptation, t…
Evidence of Recombination in Intrapatient Populations of Hepatitis C Virus.
2008
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. HCV is characterized by a high level of genetic heterogeneity. Although homologous recombination has been demonstrated in many members of the family Flaviviridae, to which HCV belongs, there are only a few studies reporting recombination on natural populations of HCV, suggesting that these events are rare in vivo. Furthermore, these few studies have focused on recombination between different HCV genotypes/subtypes but there are no reports on the extent of intra-genotype or intra-subtype recombination between viral strains infecting the same patient.…
Immune activation promotes evolutionary conservation of T-cell epitopes in HIV-1.
2013
The immune system should constitute a strong selective pressure promoting viral genetic diversity and evolution. However, HIV shows lower sequence variability at T-cell epitopes than elsewhere in the genome, in contrast with other human RNA viruses. Here, we propose that epitope conservation is a consequence of the particular interactions established between HIV and the immune system. On one hand, epitope recognition triggers an anti-HIV response mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), but on the other hand, activation of CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes (TH cells) promotes HIV replication. Mathematical modeling of these opposite selective forces revealed that selection at the intrapatient l…
An Anthropological Insight on the Commonalities between Tourism and Archaeology
2019
Over the years, archaeology maturated towards something else than a scientific discipline. Archaeological sites are culturally showed as emerging and recycled tourist attractions (Robb 1998; Bateman 2006; Rowan & Baram 2004; Karlsson & Gustafsson, 2006). At a closer look, tourism is understood as a leisure activity which is enrooted in the needs of relaxing and evasion while archaeology -as a knowledge platform which is based on scientific method- explores the history of ancient cultures. This raises a more than interesting question respecting the commonalities and differences between archaeology and tourism. To some extent, archaeologists find ancient relics and objects whi…
El héroe, el viaje y la construcción de las identidades sociales. Las minas del rey Salomón como modelo
2019
The purpose of the following pages is to better understand how social identities are constructed and how these constructions influence citizenship. For this, I will analyze a type of hero that emerged in England throughout the nineteenth century: the one related to travel and exploration. He is a hero who assumes a thousand-year-old tradition and develops it in a certain direction. Its purpose is to reinforce an idea of the world that serves the interests of the social groups that create or mold that heroic figure and that, through it, aspire to that image of the world becomes dominant, permeating all social sectors. After pointing out some of the most outstanding travel modalities of the n…
Efficient Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts and Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using Nonmodified RNA for Reprogramming and Immune Evasion
2015
mRNA reprogramming results in the generation of genetically stable induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells while avoiding the risks of genomic integration. Previously published mRNA reprogramming protocols have proven to be inconsistent and time-consuming and mainly restricted to fibroblasts, thereby demonstrating the need for a simple but reproducible protocol applicable to various cell types. So far there have been no published reports using mRNA to reprogram any cell type derived from human blood. Nonmodified synthetic mRNAs are immunogenic and activate cellular defense mechanisms, which can lead to cell death and inhibit mRNA translation upon repetitive transfection. Hence, to overcome RNA…
Suppression of CD8+ T cell recognition in the immediate-early phase of human cytomegalovirus infection.
2012
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) interferes with MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation and thereby reduces recognition by CD8+ T-cells. This interference is mediated primarily by endoplasmic reticulum-resident glycoproteins that are encoded in the US2–11 region of the viral genome. Such a suppression of recognition would be of particular importance immediately after infection, because several immunodominant viral antigens are already present in the cell in this phase. However, which of the evasion proteins gpUS2–11 interfere(s) with antigen presentation to CD8+ T-cells at this time of infection is not known. Here we address this question, using recombinant viruses (RV) that express only o…