Search results for "EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL"

2020

Visual attention-related processes include three functional sub-processes: alerting, orienting, and inhibition. We examined these sub-processes using reaction times, event-related potentials (ERPs), and their neuronal source activations during the Attention Network Test (ANT) in control children, attentional problems (AP) children, and reading difficulties (RD) children. During the ANT, electroencephalography was measured using 128 electrodes on three groups of Finnish sixth-graders aged 12-13 years (control = 77; AP = 15; RD = 23). Participants were asked to detect the direction of a middle target fish within a group of five fish. The target stimulus was either preceded by a cue (center, d…

E-wave and heart rate responses during anticipation of nonmotor events.

1994

This study concentrated on three main questions: 1) can anticipatory late negative shift (expectancy wave, E-wave) be elicited in nonmotor S1-S2 paradigm, 2) is it sensitive to variation of emotional aspects of the task and 3) is there a connection between heart rate (HR) responses and E-wave. S1 was a letter row that was replaced tachistoscopically by another letter row (S2). The task of the subjects (n = 12) was to detect if the critical aspects of S2 were similar to S1. After their delayed response they received feedback of their performance. The emotional aspects of the task were varied by presenting aversive noise bursts at the end of the feedback period either always, contingently to …

Tensor decomposition of EEG signals: A brief review

2015

Electroencephalography (EEG) is one fundamental tool for functional brain imaging. EEG signals tend to be represented by a vector or a matrix to facilitate data processing and analysis with generally understood methodologies like time-series analysis, spectral analysis and matrix decomposition. Indeed, EEG signals are often naturally born with more than two modes of time and space, and they can be denoted by a multi-way array called as tensor. This review summarizes the current progress of tensor decomposition of EEG signals with three aspects. The first is about the existing modes and tensors of EEG signals. Second, two fundamental tensor decomposition models, canonical polyadic decomposit…

Effect of parametric variation of center frequency and bandwidth of morlet wavelet transform on time-frequency analysis of event-related potentials

2017

Time-frequency (TF) analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) using Complex Morlet Wavelet Transform has been widely applied in cognitive neuroscience research. It has been widely suggested that the center frequency (fc) and bandwidth (σ) should be considered in defining the mother wavelet. However, the issue how parametric variation of fc and σ of Morlet wavelet transform exerts influence on ERPs time-frequency results has not been extensively discussed in previous research. The current study, through adopting the method of Complex Morlet Continuous Wavelet Transform (CMCWT), aims to investigate whether time-frequency results vary with different parametric settings of fc and σ. Besides, …

Event-Related Potentials (ERP) Indices of Motivation during the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task

2020

Dynamic and temporal facets of the various constructs that comprise motivation remain to be explored. Here, we adapted the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task, a well-known laboratory task used to evaluate motivation, to study the event-related potentials associated with reward processing. The Stimulus Preceding Negativity (SPN) and the P300 were utilized as motivation indicators with high density electroencephalography. The SPN was found to be more negative for difficult choices compared to easy choices, suggesting a greater level of motivation, at a neurophysiological level. The insula, a structure previously associated with both effort discounting and prediction error, was concomitantly a…

Harmony wants to sit in the front - Different Brain Responses to Violations in Chord Progressions

2009

Deviations from auditory regularities elicit electric potentials distributed over the frontal regions of the scalp. The mismatch negativity (MMN) is elicited by change in repetitive auditory input, whereas the early right anterior negativity (ERAN) is elicited when sounds deviate from a hierarchically organized musical regularity. In this study we wished to disentangle the functional roles of these two brain processes associated with the detection of sequential vs. hierarchical musical violations by studying the localization of their neural generators. Subjects listened to musical cadences constituted by seven chords, each containing either harmonically congruous chords, harmonically incong…

Brain Research Reveals Automatic Musical Memory Functions in Children

2009

Even though music has special meanings and values compared to other sounds, it is nonetheless processed in the brain via partly the same neural networks that are built to process all kinds of sounds. The development of these brain areas depends on the input: on the sounds that a child is exposed to and chooses to attend to. We present two brain research paradigms that can be used to assess the specialization of the brain for musical sounds, and show promising results with these paradigms in a group of young children who have music as their hobby.

Age-Related Changes in Predictive Capacity Versus Internal Model Adaptability: Electrophysiological Evidence that Individual Differences Outweigh Eff…

2015

Hierarchical predictive coding has been identified as a possible unifying principle of brain function, and recent work in cognitive neuroscience has examined how it may be affected by age related changes. Using language comprehension as a test case, the present study aimed to dissociate age-related changes in prediction generation versus internal model adaptation following a prediction error. Event related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured in a group of older adults (60-81 years; n = 40) as they read sentences of the form "The opposite of black is white/yellow/nice." Replicating previous work in young adults, results showed a target related P300 for the expected antonym ("white"; an eff…

2020

Measures of the brain's automatic electrophysiological responses to sounds represent a potential tool for identifying age- and depression-related neural markers. However, these markers have rarely been studied related to aging and depression within one study. Here, we investigated auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in the brain that may show different alterations related to aging and depression. We used an oddball condition employing changes in sound intensity to investigate: (i) sound intensity dependence; (ii) sensory gating; and (iii) change detection, all within a single paradigm. The ERPs of younger (18-40 years) and older (62-80 years) depressed female participants and age-match…

How to validate similarity in linear transform models of event-related potentials between experimental conditions?

2014

Abstract Background It is well-known that data of event-related potentials (ERPs) conform to the linear transform model (LTM). For group-level ERP data processing using principal/independent component analysis (PCA/ICA), ERP data of different experimental conditions and different participants are often concatenated. It is theoretically assumed that different experimental conditions and different participants possess the same LTM. However, how to validate the assumption has been seldom reported in terms of signal processing methods. New method When ICA decomposition is globally optimized for ERP data of one stimulus, we gain the ratio between two coefficients mapping a source in brain to two…