Search results for "EXPOSURE"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Occupation, education, and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in an Italian population
1996
Current epidemiologic data on the association between occupational exposures and Parkinson's disease (PD) are inconsistent. In a case-control study, we investigated the associations between occupation and PD and between education and PD. The cases (n = 62) were those identified in a prevalence survey (door-to-door, two-phase) of three Sicilian municipalities, as a November 1, 1987. We then randomly selected from the general population two controls for each case, matched for age ( +/- year), sex, and municipality (n = 124). Information on current and past occupations and education for cases and controls was obtained during the survey. Subjects who worked for most of their lives as farmers we…
Population-based case-control study of essential tremor.
1998
Current epidemiologic data on the association between environmental factors and essential tremor (ET) are scanty. In a population-based case-control study we investigated the relationship between some putative risk factors and ET. In the present study, we included all subjects identified during a door-to-door prevalence survey in a Sicilian community, affected by ET, and alive on 1 November 1987 (n=31). Of the 31 prevalent cases of ET, we were able to contact 28 subjects. Twenty-eight controls were randomly selected from the general population and matched to each case for age and sex. Exposure variables were investigated by interviewing the patients and their controls or close relatives, us…
Activity of O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase in mononuclear blood cells of formaldehyde-exposed medical students
1999
A recent study reported that exposure of student embalmers in Cincinnati to high concentrations of formaldehyde (2 mg/m3) reduced the activity of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Reduction in a DNA repair enzyme may strongly increase the cancer risk not only with respect to the repair-enzyme causing agent but with respect to all carcinogens causing lesions subject to repair by the enzyme in question. Thus, we examined whether formaldehyde exposure of 57 medical students during their anatomy course at two different Universities in Germany influenced MGMT activity in mononuclear blood cells. Mean formaldehyde exposure of 41 students was 0.2 +/- 0.05 mg/m3 …
Farm-related exposures and childhood brain tumours in seven countries: results from the SEARCH International Brain Tumour Study.
2003
A total of 1218 cases of childhood brain tumours (CBT) and 2223 control subjects from the general population were included in a population-based case-control study conducted in nine centres in seven countries. Mothers were asked about farm- or agriculture-related exposures. Significantly elevated odds ratios (OR) for CBT were associated with children's personal and maternal prenatal exposure while living on a farm with pigs (child OR = 1.7, mother OR = 2.3), horses (child OR = 1.6, mother OR = 1.8), dogs (child OR = 1.5, mother OR = 1.5) and cats (child OR = 1.5, mother OR = 1.7). Children who were exposed to pigs, horses and cats combined, while living on a farm, had a threefold elevated O…
Prenatal exposure to cooking gas and respiratory health in infants is modified by tobacco smoke exposure and diet in the INMA birth cohort study
2013
Background: Studies that have evaluated the association between exposure to gas appliances emissions at home with respiratory health in children obtained heterogeneous and limited results. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the use of gas cooking at home during pregnancy and respiratory problems in children during their first year of life. Methods: In the years 2003 through 2008 pregnant women were enrolled in 4 Spanish areas and visited in different age-points following a common protocol. Outcomes studied (from a questionnaire) were any episode of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), wheezing, persistent cough, chestiness and otitis. The association between ex…
A Cohort Study of Childhood Cancer Incidence after Postnatal Diagnostic X-Ray Exposure
2009
Ionizing radiation is an established cause of cancer, yet little is known about the health effects of doses from diagnostic examinations in children. The risk of childhood cancer was studied in a cohort of 92.957 children who had been examined with diagnostic X rays in a large German hospital during 1976-2003. Radiation doses were reconstructed using the individual dose area product and other exposure parameters, together with conversion coefficients developed specifically for the medical devices and standards used at the radiology department. Newly diagnosed cancers occurring between 1980 and 2006 were determined through record linkage to the German Childhood Cancer Registry. The median ra…
Is ultraviolet exposure acquired at work the most important risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? Results of the population-based case-c…
2018
Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is among the most frequent types of cancer constituting a significant public health burden. Prevention strategies focus on limiting UV-exposure during leisure time. However, the relative impact of occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure for SCC occurrence is unclear. Objectives To investigate the association between occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure with SCC in a multicenter population-based case-control study hypothesizing that high occupational UV-exposure increases the risk for SCC. Methods Consecutive patients with incident SCC (n=632) were recruited from a German national dermatology network. Population-based controls (n=996) w…
Light exposure patterns in schizophrenia
1992
Spontaneous light exposure patterns were studied in 10 chronic schizophrenic patients. Half of our schizophrenic patients exposed themselves to bright light exceeding ordinary indoor illumination. There was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of exposure to bright light and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale subscore anergia and a significant negative correlation with depression.
Preoperative factors influencing success in pterygium surgery
2012
Abstract Background To identify preoperative, perioperative and postoperative risk factors that influence the success of pterygium surgery. Methods This is a prospective study of thirty-six patients with primary or recurrent pterygia. A detailed anamnesis and an ophthalmological examination were performed looking for the following factors: age, race, latitude and altitude of the main place of residence, hours of exposure to the sun, use of protective measures against UV-radiation, classification of pterygium, width of the pterygium at limbus, surgical technique (conjunctival autograft plus suturing versus tissue glue), graft alterations (misapposition, granuloma, haemorrhage, oedema, retrac…
An adaptive display for the treatment of diverse trauma PTSD victims.
2009
El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) puede desarrollarse después de la exposición a un evento aterrador. Las personas que sufren de trastorno de estrés postraumático presentan hiperactividad y evitación, y experimentan síntomas que provocan angustia y deterioro en áreas de vida significativas. Los programas de comportamiento cognitivo, incluida la terapia de exposición, son actualmente el tratamiento de elección para el TEPT. Aunque estos programas son eficaces, hay margen de mejora; La utilización de la terapia de exposición por los médicos es baja y las tasas de desgaste son altas. La aplicación de nuevas tecnologías, especialmente la realidad virtual (VR), podría ayudar a superar …