Search results for "EXPOSURE"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Hepatic and very low-density lipoprotein fatty acids in obese offspring of overfed dams.
2010
The combined effects of developmental programming and high-fat feeding at weaning on fatty acid metabolism of the offspring are not well known. In the present study, we aim at characterizing the influence of maternal and offspring's own diets on liver and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids; fatty acid profiles of VLDL and liver phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters; and hepatic enzyme activities. Twenty obese male rats born to cafeteria diet-fed dams and 20 control rats born to control diet-fed dams were selected. At weaning, 10 rats of each group were fed control or cafeteria diet. Obese rats had a significant increase in serum glucose, insulin, leptin, VLDL apolipop…
Transgenerational effects on intestinal inflammation status in mice perinatally exposed to bisphenol S
2020
International audience; Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical role of early life environment in shaping the future health outcomes of individuals in subsequent generations. Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of Bisphenol A (BPA) which is an endocrine disruptor. However, the lack of efficient evaluation of BPS leaves doubts about the relevant substitute of BPA. Few studies of transgenerational inheritance have examined the effects of environmental exposures to endocrine disruptors on the immune system. In this study, we analyzed the transgenerational effects of BPS on intestinal inflammation and its c…
Time course of changes in serum oxidant/antioxidant status in overfed obese rats and their offspring.
2009
The aim of the present study was to determine the time course of changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as serum glucose, insulin, leptin and lipid levels, liver adipose tissue and muscle lipid and protein contents, in cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, and in their offspring throughout adulthood. Food intake was also evaluated. The cafeteria diet induced a significant increase in maternal body and relative adipose tissue weights, daily energy intake, and plasma glucose, insulin, leptin and lipid levels at parturition (day 0) and at the end of lactation (day 21). Plasma total antioxidant status [ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity)], erythrocyte catalase an…
The effects of cold and glucagon on lipolysis, glycogenolysis and oxygen consumption in young chicks.
1973
Abstract 1. 1. To study the possible role of glucagon in avian thermoregulation the effects of cold exposure and glucagon on lipolysis, glycogenolysis and oxygen consumption were measured in young chicks. 2. 2. Cold exposure (+10°C) and glucagon injection (0·3 mg/kg, i.p. at +30°C) both caused a marked increase in the plasma FFA and a decrease in the liver glycogen content. 3. 3. It is suggested that glucagon possibly acts in the avian thermoregulation by producing at least lipolysis and glycogenolysis during cold exposure.
Altered adipose tissue metabolism in offspring of dietary obese rat dams.
2011
To investigate further the mechanisms of developmental programming, we analysed the effects of maternal overnutrition and of postnatal high-fat feeding on adipose tissue metabolism in the offspring. Postnatal changes in serum adiponectin, leptin and TAG [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)] levels, adipose tissue TAGs, fatty acids and enzyme activities were determined in offspring of cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, weaned on to standard chow or on to cafeteria diet. Obese rats showed higher adiposity (+35% to 85%) as well as a significant increase in serum glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and TAG levels (P<0.01) and adipose tissue LPL (lipoprotein lipase) and …
Blood and body fluids exposure of healthcare workers in a university hospital of Palermo, Italy: a fourteen years long surveillance.
2020
Background Healthcare workers are habitually in direct contact with patients, possible carriers of infectious diseases and with potentially infectious biological materials; therefore, the implementation of standard precautions and good working practices represent an intervention strongly recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and required by Italian law, for the prevention of professional cut wounds. The study focused on assessing the exposure frequency and factors related to biological injuries among healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in Palermo, Italy. Methods We performed a 14-years retrospective descriptive analysis on blood and body fluids exposures in he…
Passive exposure to nicotine from e-cigarettes
2016
A procedure based on the use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), after liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME), has been successfully employed for the determination of passive exposure to nicotine from cigarette and e-cigarette smoking. Nicotine has been determined in exhaled breath and oral fluids of both, active and passive smokers. The aforementioned studies, made in closed environments, evidenced that the exhaled breath after conventional blend cigarette smoke provides nicotine levels of the order of 220 ng per puff, in the case of experienced smokers, being exhaled only 32 ng in the case of e-cigarettes. On the other hand, the nicotine amount in oral fluids of passive vapers was between 8…
Biodynamic behavior of the trunk and the abdomen during whole-body vibration
1989
Vibration strain may be defined as the sum of all reactions of the human being to vibration exposure. This also includes the biomechanical behavior of particular parts of the body. Knowledge about these reactions is necessary in the field of occupational health and ergonomics. Biomechanical models, experimental methods, and results are presented. It can be shown that under vibration exposure with different conditions (body posture, vibration direction), the body parts are in resonance at varying frequencies, mainly in a low frequency range.
Efficacy of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Early Childhood After Household Exposure
1996
Objective. —To evaluate the efficacy of a three-dose primary vaccination with a diphtheria-tetanus tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine against "typical" pertussis, defined as a spasmodic cough of 21 days or longer with confirmation of Bordetella pertussis infection by culture or serology. Design. —Passive monitoring for suspected first household (index) cases of typical pertussis in six areas in Germany comprising 22 505 children vaccinated with study vaccine at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. Blinded, prospective follow-up of household contacts of index cases for incidence and progression of pertussis. Setting. —Six areas in Germany with a high incidence of pertussis. Subjects. —Four hundr…
Perfluoroalkyl substances in Breast milk, infant formula and baby food from Valencian Community (Spain)
2016
Environmental and human exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are of emerging concern since they are persistent and bioaccumulative. The present study reports PFASs levels in human milk, infant formulas and baby food (dry cereals and pots) from the Valencian Community (Spain) in order to evaluate the infant exposure to these substances through the diet. The results show that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were in all the samples of the four selected matrices (except PFOA in one sample of dry cereal baby food). Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were also detected in 70% of the breast milk samples. In infant formulas, P…