Search results for "EXPRESSION"
showing 10 items of 5168 documents
TRESK channel contributes to depolarization-induced shunting inhibition and modulates epileptic seizures.
2020
Glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission controls excitation and inhibition of postsynaptic neurons, whereas activity of ion channels modulates neuronal intrinsic excitability. However, it is unclear how excessive neuronal excitation affects intrinsic inhibition to regain homeostatic stability under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Here, we report that a seizure-like sustained depolarization can induce short-term inhibition of hippocampal CA3 neurons via a mechanism of membrane shunting. This depolarization-induced shunting inhibition (DShI) mediates a non-synaptic, but neuronal intrinsic, short-term plasticity that is able to suppress action potential generation and…
Retour sur la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel relative aux sanctions administratives
2010
International audience; Décision du 10 juin 2009 n° 2009-580-DC
Democratic values in the aesthetics of classic American pragmatism
2011
Abstract In the present paper an interpretation of the political dimension of pragmatic aesthetic reflection is proposed. The interconnection between politics and aesthetics in three classic American pragmatists: William James (1842–1910), John Dewey (1859–1952), and George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) is evoked. The author claims that by emphasizing the role of democratic values in philosophy and life, the classic American pragmatists encroach upon the field of the arts and aesthetics. Their emphasis put upon individual activity, free expression of thoughts, plurality of the forms of expression, and acceptance of criticism as a tool helping create better solutions in human cooperation can easi…
The Determinants of Performance in China: A Study Focused on Cultural and Institutional Drivers in the Area of Shanghai
2015
We base our work on an historical study and on interviews of Chinese managers living in the area of Shanghai. We use the institutional theoretical stream in combination with the impact of national culture, considering that organizations and managers are influenced by cultural and institutional determinants. In a first part, we describe the theoretical background to the research and our method. Then, in a second part, we present the significant cultural and institutional features of China that enable us to justify several hypotheses about our topic. In a third part, we analyze twelve in-depth interviews, trying to answer our research question. Our basic research question focuses on what “Per…
The Precarization Effect
2015
What’s in the name ‘precarization’? Such a question can always be asked when we are dealing with a highly contestable concept (Gallie, 1956) or a family of concepts — as is definitely the case here, where it is also customary to speak about ‘precariousness’, ‘precarity’, and even ‘precariat’. This is a family of concepts or terms that has been defined in so many different and often incompatible ways that the answer to the question seems to greatly depend on the perspective or approach adopted. This is not as big a problem in the case of ‘precariousness’, which can be used to describe a variety of situations and events quite generally; but it makes all the difference when one refers to ‘prec…
Demonstration of an endocrine signaling circuit for insulin in the sponge Geodia cydonium.
1989
Abstract The existence of an insulin-mediated cell-to-cell signaling in the sponge Geodia cydonium is demonstrated in this study by molecular biological and immunological techniques. The sequence of a sponge cDNA clone encoding preproinsulin was analyzed for the first time and determined to comprise a high homology to human preproinsulin (60-80% homology). The predicted polypeptide of preproinsulin from sponge contains two disulfide bridges which link the A- to the B-chain. The intra-A chain disulfide bridge is absent. Applying immunological and electron microscopical techniques it is shown that insulin is produced in specialized cells (spherulous cells). Experimental evidence is presented …
Compromised central tolerance of ICA69 induces multiple organ autoimmunity
2014
For reasons not fully understood, patients with an organ-specific autoimmune disease have increased risks of developing autoimmune responses against other organs/tissues. We identified ICA69, a known β-cell autoantigen in Type 1 diabetes, as a potential common target in multi-organ autoimmunity. NOD mice immunized with ICA69 polypeptides exhibited exacerbated inflammation not only in the islets, but also in the salivary glands. To further investigate ICA69 autoimmunity, two genetically modified mouse lines were generated to modulate thymic ICA69 expression: the heterozygous ICA69(del/wt) line and the thymic medullary epithelial cell-specific deletion Aire-ΔICA69 line. Suboptimal central neg…
5' tRNA halves are highly expressed in the primate hippocampus and might sequence-specifically regulate gene expression
2020
Fragments of mature tRNAs have long been considered as mere degradation products without physiological function. However, recent reports show that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) play prominent roles in diverse cellular processes across a wide spectrum of species. Contrasting the situation in other small RNA pathways the mechanisms behind these effects appear more diverse, more complex, and are generally less well understood. In addition, surprisingly little is known about the expression profiles of tsRNAs across different tissues and species. Here, we provide an initial overview of tsRNA expression in different species and tissues, revealing very high levels of 5′ tRNA halves (5′ tRHs) pa…
Effect of flupirtine on Bcl-2 and glutathione level in neuronal cells treated in vitro with the prion protein fragment (PrP106-126).
1997
Flupirtine, trade name Katadolon, is a centrally acting nonopioid analgesic that has recently been found to display cytoprotective activity in vitro and in vivo on neurons induced to undergo apoptosis. This report shows that the PrP106-126 fragment of the prion protein, which is the likely etiological agent for a series of encephalopathies, is toxic to cortical neurons in vitro. Simultaneously, PrP106-126 influences the molecular GSH content and the bcl-2 expression in neurons. Significant toxicity (32% reduction in cell viability) was observed at a concentration of 50 microM of the peptide after 9 days of incubation, while at higher concentrations toxicity increased to 70%. Neurotoxicity w…
Germline correction of an epimutation related to Silver-Russell syndrome.
2015
Like genetic mutations, DNA methylation anomalies or epimutations can disrupt gene expression and lead to human diseases. However, unlike genetic mutations, epimutations can in theory be reverted through developmental epigenetic reprograming, which should limit their transmission across generations. Following the request for a parental project of a patient diagnosed with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), and the availability of both somatic and spermatozoa DNA from the proband and his father, we had the exceptional opportunity to evaluate the question of inheritance of an epimutation. We provide here for the first time evidence for efficient reversion of a constitutive epimutation in the sperm…