Search results for "Earth and Related Environmental Sciences"
showing 10 items of 6573 documents
The interactive effects of various nitrogen fertiliser formulations applied to urine patches on nitrous oxide emissions in grassland
2017
AbstractPasture-based livestock agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O). Although a body of research is available on the effect of urine patch N or fertiliser N on N2O emissions, limited data is available on the effect of fertiliser N applied to patches of urinary N, which can cover up to a fifth of the yearly grazed area. This study investigated whether the sum of N2O emissions from urine and a range of N fertilisers, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) or urea ± urease inhibitor ± nitrification inhibitor, applied alone (disaggregated and re-aggregated) approximated the N2O emission of urine and fertiliser N applied together (aggregated). Application of fertili…
Noise Reduction and Gap Filling of fAPAR Time Series Using an Adapted Local Regression Filter
2014
Time series of remotely sensed data are an important source of information for understanding land cover dynamics. In particular, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (fAPAR) is a key variable in the assessment of vegetation primary production over time. However, the fAPAR series derived from polar orbit satellites are not continuous and consistent in space and time. Filtering methods are thus required to fill in gaps and produce high-quality time series. This study proposes an adapted (iteratively reweighted) local regression filter (LOESS) and performs a benchmarking intercomparison with four popular and generally applicable smoothing methods: Double Logistic (DLOG), sm…
Neural Classification of Compost Maturity by Means of the Self-Organising Feature Map Artificial Neural Network and Learning Vector Quantization Algo…
2019
Self-Organising Feature Map (SOFM) neural models and the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm were used to produce a classifier identifying the quality classes of compost, according to the degree of its maturation within a period of time recorded in digital images. Digital images of compost at different stages of maturation were taken in a laboratory. They were used to generate an SOFM neural topological map with centres of concentration of the classified cases. The radial neurons on the map were adequately labelled to represent five suggested quality classes describing the degree of maturation of the composted organic matter. This enabled the creation of a neural separator classify…
Diurnal Cycle Relationships between Passive Fluorescence, PRI and NPQ of Vegetation in a Controlled Stress Experiment
2017
In order to estimate vegetation photosynthesis from remote sensing observations; some critical parameters need to be quantified. From all absorbed light; the plant needs to release any excess that is not used for photosynthesis; by non-photochemical quenching; by fluorescence emission and unregulated thermal dissipation. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes are controlled photoprotective mechanisms which; once activated; strongly control the dynamics of photochemical efficiency. With illumination conditions increasing and decreasing during a diurnal cycle; photoprotection mechanisms needs to change accordingly. The goal of this work is to quantify dynamic NPQ; measured from active fl…
Upward Voice: Participative Decision Making, Trust in Leadership and Safety Climate Matter
2020
A supportive upward voice environment is critical in nuclear power plants in order to provide energy in a sustainable manner. In high&ndash
Efficiency of Daphnia magna in removal of green microalgae cultivated in Nordic recirculating aquaculture system wastewater
2020
The increase of global aquaculture production has boosted the development of recirculating aquaculture systems not only because they reduce water use but also provide opportunities for waste management and the use of released nutrients. The dissolved nutrients can be efficiently removed from recirculating aquaculture system wastewater by microalgae, and microalgae can be harvested from the wastewater with low costs by zooplankton such as Daphnia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using microalgae and Daphnia for bioremediation of recirculating aquaculture system wastewater in Nordic conditions. We evaluated the growth and filtration efficiency of the waterflea Dap…
Prenatal air pollution exposure and growth and cardio-metabolic risk in preschoolers
2020
Objectives: We investigated the association between outdoor air pollutants exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy, and growth and cardio-metabolic risk at four years of age, and evaluated the mediating role of birth weight. Methods: We included mother-child pairs (N = 1,724) from the Spanish INMA birth cohort established in 2003-2008. First trimester of pregnancy nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particles (PM2.5) exposure levels were estimated. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipids were measured at four years of age. Body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to four years were identified. Results: Increased PM2.5 exposure in the first trimester of pregnanc…
Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape MS8, RF3 and MS8×RF3 for renewal of authorisation under regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFS…
2017
Efsa Panel On Genetically Modified Organisms (gmo)Opinion scientificRequestor: European CommissionQuestion number: EFSA-Q-2016-00569; Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-004 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application of the genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape MS8, RF3 and MS89RF3. The data received in the context of this renewal application contain post-market environmental monitoring reports, systematic searches and…
Solar radiative effects of a Saharan dust plume observed during SAMUM assuming spheroidal model particles
2011
The solar optical properties of Saharan mineral dust observed during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) were explored based on measured size-number distributions and chemical composition. The size-resolved complex refractive index of the dust was derived with real parts of 1.51–1.55 and imaginary parts of 0.0008–0.006 at 550 nm wavelength. At this spectral range a single scattering albedo ω o and an asymmetry parameter g of about 0.8 were derived. These values were largely determined by the presence of coarse particles. Backscatter coefficients and lidar ratios calculated with Mie theory (spherical particles) were not found to be in agreement with independently measured lidar data.…
Optimal Spectral Wavelengths for Discriminating Orchard Species Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
2019
Sustainable management of orchard fields requires detailed information about the tree types, which is a main component of precision agriculture programs. To this end, hyperspectral imagery can play a major role in orchard tree species mapping. Efficient use of hyperspectral data in combination with field measurements requires the development of optimized band selection strategies to separate tree species. In this study, field spectroscopy (350 to 2500 nm) was performed through scanning 165 spectral leaf samples of dominant orchard tree species (almond, walnut, and grape) in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari province, Iran. Two multivariable methods were employed to identify the optimum wavelengths:…