Search results for "Ecological model"
showing 10 items of 322 documents
A review of settings-based health promotion with applications to sports clubs.
2013
Sports clubs have a long and tradit ional history in many countries, ye t they remain underdeveloped and underutilized settings for health promotion. Leisure ti me settings, in general, have been in minor role among settings-based health promotion initiatives. Curre nt health concerns in western countries, such as sedentary lifestyles and obesity, have aroused a need to expand he alth promotion to include also settings with greater potential to reach and engage children and adoles cents in more vigorous activity. To develop these alternative, most often non-institutiona l, settings to the level of the established ones, it is important to review what has been done, what ha s been accepted, a…
Factores Asociados al Consumo Juvenil de Alcohol: Una Revisión desde una Perspectiva Psicosocial y Ecológica
2011
ResumenEl consumo abusivo de alcohol en la adolescencia es, en el momento actual, un importante problema de salud pública, hasta el punto de que su prevención se ha convertido en una de las prioridades en las políticas de salud. También, y en el ámbito de la intervención social, se ha venido estudiando, en los últimos años, los factores psicosociales implicados en ese consumo. En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión de esos factores en el marco de la perspectiva ecológica, en la que se integran las variables psicológicas, relacionales y socioculturales. El consumo de alcohol es analizado como parte integrante de la cultura juvenil, despojando la explicación de contenidos patolog…
Ecologists overestimate the importance of predictor variables in model averaging: a plea for cautious interpretations.
2014
Abstract: Information-theory procedures are powerful tools for multimodel inference and are now standard methods in ecology. When performing model averaging on a given set of models, the importance of a predictor variable is commonly estimated by summing the weights of models where the variable appears, the so-called sum of weights (SW). However, SWs have received little methodological attention and are frequently misinterpreted. We assessed the reliability of SW by performing model selection and averaging on simulated data sets including variables strongly and weakly correlated to the response variable and a variable unrelated to the response. Our aim was to investigate how useful SWs are …
Checklist of the Mammal Collection Preserved at the University of Palermo under the Framework of the National Biodiversity Future Center
2023
The latest reorganization of the Vertebrate collections preserved at the “Pietro Doderlein” Museum of Zoology of the University of Palermo (Italy) has made it possible to draw up a check-list of the Mammal taxa present in the stuffed (M), fluid-preserved (ML) and anatomical (AN) collections. The intervention was planned under the National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) agenda, focused on the enhancement of Italian natural history museums. The growing interest in museum collections strongly demands databases available to the academic and policy world. In this paper, we record 679 specimens belonging to 157 specific taxa arranged in 58 families and 16 orders. Most of the species (75.1%) co…
isotracer: An R package for the analysis of tracer addition experiments
2022
Tracer addition experiments, particularly using isotopic tracers, are becoming increasingly important in a variety of studies aiming at characterizing the flows of molecules or nutrients at different levels of biological organization, from the cellular and tissue levels, to the organismal and ecosystem levels. However, performing rigorous statistical analyses to gain reliable quantitative insights from these experiments often remains challenging. We present an approach based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to estimate nutrient flow parameters across a network, and its implementation in the R package isotracer. The isotracer package is capable of handling a variety of tracer study designs, inc…
Gender differences in theory-based predictors of physical activity in university students with disabilities
2021
Abstract University students with disabilities engage in physical activity to a lesser extent than their able-bodied peers, with women reporting less physical activity than men. The present study aimed to examine gender differences in theory-based predictors of physical activity in this population. Spanish university students with different disabilities (n = 1076) completed measures of the Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs and the reduced Spanish version of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments. Self-efficacy and controllability were significantly lower in women and gender differences on the barriers predicting controllability were obtaine…
Identifying territories using presence-only citizen science data : An application to the Finnish wolf population
2022
Citizens, community groups and local institutions participate in voluntary biological monitoring of population status and trends by providing species data e.g. for regulations and conservation. Sophisticated statistical methods are required to unlock the potential of such data in the assessment of wildlife populations. We develop a statistical modelling framework for identifying territories based on presence-only citizen science data. The framework can be used to jointly estimate the number of active animal territories and their locations in time. Our approach is based on a data generating model which consists of a dynamic submodel for the appearance/removal of territories and an observatio…
Dead wood profile of a semi-natural boreal forest – implications for sampling
2019
Dead wood profile of a forest is a useful tool for describing forest characteristics and assessing forest disturbance history. Nevertheless, there are few studies on dead wood profiles, including both coarse and fine dead wood, and on the effect of sampling intensity on the dead wood estimates. In a semi-natural boreal forest, we measured every dead wood item over 2 cm in diameter from 80 study plots. From eight plots, we further recorded dead wood items below 2 cm in diameter. Based on these data we constructed the full dead wood profile, i.e. the overall number of dead wood items and their distribution among different tree species, volumes of different size and decay stage categories. We …
The effects of grazing history, soil properties and stand structure on the communities of saprotrophic fungi in wood-pastures
2022
Wood-pastures are threatened anthropogenic biotopes that provide habitat for an extensive group of species. Here we studied the effect of management, grazing intensity, time since abandonment, historical land-use intensity, soil properties and stand conditions on communities of saprotrophic fungi in wood-pastures in Central Finland. We found that the proportion of broadleaved trees and soil pH are the major drivers in the communities of saprotrophic fungi in these boreal wood-pastures. In addition, tree species richness, soil moisture, historical land-use intensity and time since abandonment affected the communities of saprotrophic fungi. Current management or grazing intensity did not have…
Effets du bruit marin sur le changement des poissons sparidés juvéniles entre les espèces et les stades de développement
2023
International audience; Marine noise is an emerging pollutant inducing a variety of negative impacts on many animal taxa, including fish. Fish population persistence and dynamics rely on the supply of early life stages, which are often very sensitive to disturbance. Impacts of marine noise pollution (MNP) on juvenile fish have rarely been investigated in temperate regions. This is particularly true for the Mediterranean Sea, which is considered as an MNP hotspot due to intensive maritime traffic. In this study, we investigate the relationship between MNP related to boat traffic and (i) assemblage structure and (ii) the density of juvenile fishes (post-settlers at different stages) belonging…