Search results for "Econometric"

La comercialización de la seda valenciana a finales del Antiguo Régimen: el «contraste» de la ciudad de Valencia

1990

Como es bien conocido, el País Valenciano constituyó la principal área sericicultora en la España del siglo XVIII. Su desarrollo se había orientado, previamente, hacia el abastecimiento de los centros manufactureros castellanos y andaluces. Pero la progresiva decadencia que éstos experimentaron favoreció el surgimiento de una industria sedera autóctona que acabó absorbiendo la mayor parte de la materia prima producida por su agricultura. Ahora bien, uno de los rasgos más destacados de la sedería valenciana fue su casi absoluta concentración en la ciudad de Valencia. Es esta circunstancia la que confiere una excepcional importancia al análisis de las relaciones comerciales que en ella se est…

Gasto público y crecimiento económico en la Restauración (1874-1923)

1993

Editada en la Universidad Carlos III Las aportaciones más recientes sobre la importancia del Estado en el crecimiento de la economía española durante la Restauración han señalado la reducida relevancia que el gasto público tenía en la determinación de la renta nacional. En este artículo se discute tal afirmación llegando a la conclusión de que tal afirmación infravaloraba la verdadera importancia del presupuesto, principalmente en relación con la producción industrial. Mediante la utilización de métodos econométricos se analiza la relevancia de las variaciones en los diferentes componentes del presupuesto en la variación de la Producción nacional. The most recent contributions on the releva…

Natural resources, electrification and economic growth from the end of the nineteenth century until World War II

2005

RESUMENLas repercusiones de la nueva rúente de energía, electricidad, en el crecimiento económico de una muestra de países –Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Francia, Italia, España y Canadá- caracterizados por sus diferentes dotaciones de recursos carboníferos es el principal objetivo de este artículo. La nueva energía, entre otras ventajas, redujo la dependencia de los recursos naturales de carbón al poder generarse a partir de diferentes energías primarias: agua o carbón. Con el fin de valorar la importancia de esta reducción de la dependencia del carbón, se presenta una base de datos de los recursos energéticos para los seis países, se muestra que los precios relativos de la electricidad fre…

Norman Edwin Himes's "Eugenics and Democracy: A Call to Action" (1939). The Eugenic Manifesto of a Devote Carverian

2022

This note presents an unpublished 1939 address given by the American sociologist and population specialist Norman Edwin Himes on "Eugenics and Democracy: A Call to Action. Himes's discussion of eugenics and democracy has a two-fold relevance. First, it provides further evidence that among population studies specialists a generalized commitment to eugenics persisted well beyond the era of the so-called Progressive Era and continued throughout the 1930s. Second, Himes's approach reveals an attempt to reformulate a eugenic agenda along "liberal" lines, which was intended to distance him from the coercive and racialist approach of his progressive predecessors. Yet, it will be shown, even though…

Two stories, one fate: age-heaping and literacy in Spain, 1877-1930

2021

This study looks at human capital in Spain during the early stages of modern economic growth. In order to do so, we have assembled a new dataset on ageheaping and literacy in Spain for both men and women between 1877 and 1930 based on six population censuses with information for 49 provinces. Our results show that age-heaping was less prevalent during the second half of the 19th century than previously thought and did not decrease until the early twentieth century. By contrast, literacy increased throughout the whole period. Interestingly, age-heaping and illiteracy rates depict similar spatial patterns which confirm the stark differences in human capital within Spain. Lastly, we raise crit…

Cities, hinterlands and agglomeration shadows: Spatial developments in Finland during 1880–2004

2010

Abstract This paper analyzes long-term spatial developments in Finland by focusing on two predictions of the new economic geography (NEG) models: the increasing persistence of locational patterns and the rising dominance of growth centers. The empirical analysis is based on regional population data from 1880 to 2004. The results support the hypotheses. Evolutions in rank and rank-size distributions during the processes of industrialization and urbanization suggest increasing persistence of regional structures. The analysis of causal processes between population centers and their hinterlands shows that these regions grew hand-in-hand in the pre-war period, whereas agglomeration shadows start…

International competition in the first wave of globalization: new evidence on the margins of trade

2015

We pose a seemingly ageless question in economic history. To what extent did new entrants in the late nineteenth‐century cotton‐textile industry threaten the customary markets of the European core? Exploiting a newly constructed dataset on textile imports to Spain, we find that as trade costs fell, new rivals began to sell a greater variety of products. Along this dimension, competition can be said to have increased. In response, producers in Europe adjusted the type and number of goods exported. By 1914, specialization mapped onto endowments of skilled labour, capital, and access to raw materials. While firms in new industrializing countries exported low‐end varieties, incumbents in the co…

The Classical Notion of Competition Revisited

2013

This article seeks to fill a lacuna within classical economics concerning the process of market price determination in situations of market disequilibrium. To this aim, first we distinguish the classical notion of free competition from the Walrasian notion of perfect competition and we argue that the latter is beset with some theoretical difficulties alien to the former. Second, we reconstruct in some detail Smith’s and Marx’s views concerning market price determination and show that Marx’s extensive use of metaphors and numerical examples foreshadows the modern taxonomy of buyers’ market, sellers’ market, and mixed strategy equilibrium in the capacity space of a standard Bertrand duopoly m…

Reseña

2014

Money in the "Body Politick" : The Analysis of Trade and Circulation in the Writings of Seventeenth-Century Political Arithmeticians.

2005

International audience; This article discusses the analysis of trade and circulation in the writings of seventeenth-century political arithmeticians. Political arithmetic was in its way an anatomy of the social body. William Petty titled his 1672 book The Political Anatomy of Ireland. In his preface he explicitly claimed to be following Francis Bacon, highlighting the experimental method and the idea that analytical methods can be transposed from one discipline to another. He thus drew a parallel between the natural body and the body politic. It was a widely held idea that money guaranteed the nation's health; conversely its poor state of health could lead to the wasting away of the body po…