Search results for "Economic History"

Polish discourses concerning the Spanish Civil War. Analysis of the Polish press 1936-2015

2018

The Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, as an ideologised and mythologised event, has been and is still used instrumentally within the Polish public discourse. The war was an important subject for the Polish press in the years 1936–1939. The Catholic, national-democratic, and conservative press supported General Franco’s rebellion. The governmental and pro-government press also supported the rebels. The Christian-democratic and peasants’ party press remained neutral. The social demo­cratic, communist, and radical press backed the Spanish Republic — as did liberal-conservative organs such as Wiadomości Literackie. After the Second World War, the Polish communist media created the positive legend…

The Anthropologist as Deviant Modernizer: Felipe Landa Jocano’s Journey Through the Cold War, the Social Sciences, Decolonization, and Nation Buildin…

2021

This chapter traces the transnational journey of Philippine anthropologist Felipe Landa Jocano from the 1950s to the 1970s. Jocano was part of a group of Philippine social scientists who earned their post-graduate degrees at the University of Chicago after the Philippines became independent from the US. One of the pre-eminent scholars in the Philippines, Jocano’s professional and intellectual journey unfolded against the backdrop of the Cold War and decolonization. Jocano received funding from US institutions that contributed to the Cold War, and he was committed to structural functionalism and modernization theory. Yet he developed a decolonized approach to modernization that questioned th…

Magnus Henrekson and Mikael Stenkula, eds., Swedish taxation: developments since 1862 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. 334. ISBN 978113747814…

2017

Sraffa, Wittgenstein y Gramsci

2016

Two distinct but interrelated issues are investigated here. The first concerns Sraffa's critical role in contemporary philosophy through his pivotal influence on Wittgenstein. The intellectual origins of this profound influence can be traced to the philosophical interests of the activist political circle in Italy (clustered around the journal L'Ordine Nuovo) to which both Sraffa and Antonio Gramsci belonged. The second inquiry concerns the influence of Sraffa's philosophical views on his economics. Sraffa's economic contributions can be much better understood by paying attention to the way Sraffa changed the nature of the questions asked, rather than seeking different answers to already est…

The obstacles to the development of secondary education in Spain, 1857-1900

2023

Human capital is one of the pillars of economic growth and development. However, the economic analysis of human capital presents a large number of difficulties, especially since the mechanisms that allow the accumulation of this type of capital, skills and knowledge, are intrinsic to human nature and, in general, are difficult to determine. But, in addition, the formation of human capital results from formal and informal learning and occurs throughout life, so its measurement is a challenge. Trying to overcome the drawbacks that the analysis of human capital poses, some researchers have proposed the differentiation of human capital into types or levels in order to see its differential effec…

Latvia: Language Situation

2006

The Republic of Latvia is one of the three Baltic states and a member of the EU. The official language is Latvian (Baltic group of Indo-European family of languages), spoken by approximately 2.3 million people. Several minority languages (Liv, Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Belorussian, Romani) are also used in Latvia.

Debating Sound Money in Early Modern Europe: From Dualist to Metallic Monetary Systems

2019

International audience; In this paper, we present the monetary debates in Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries from the viewpoint of the problem of good and sound money. The framework of the paper is built on a typology of monetary systems, by which a dualist system is distinguished from a metallic one. Under the dualist system, the value in units of account of the specie in circulation was defined by monetary proclamations (Einaudi locates this era from Charlemagne to the French Revolution). Metallist proponents aimed at preventing any kind of manipulations with a radical transformation of the system of payment, which gave birth to a metallic monetary system from the very end of …

Showdown in South America: James Scrymser, John Pender, and United States–British Cable Competition

2004

The British dominated the world's submarine cable business over the second half of the nineteenth century, but they encountered significant challenges in the 1880s and 1890s—especially from James Scrymser, an upstart entrepreneur from New York. Scrymser exploited a strategic gap in the cable system in the Western Hemisphere and became locked in a confrontation along the west coast of South America with John Pender, the leading British cable magnate. Scrymser gained the upper hand in Chile by outmaneuvering Pender and used this victory to expand his operations with the telegraph network that linked South America, North America, and Europe.

Two Family Firms in Comparison: Ahlström and Schauman During the 20th Century

2006

Ahlstrom and Schauman are among the most prominent companies in Finnish industrial history, being family firms engaged in different branches of economic activity. At first both were mechanical wood processing companies, but diversified later into the pulp and paper industry as well. Ahlstrom is even still today an important paper producer, whilst Schauman merged in 1987 with the Kymmene Corporation, and is nowadays a part of the UPM-Kymmene Corporation. This paper analyses the strategic decision processes undertaken in the named companies during the 20 century. The companies were not the most typical ones in the Finnish wood processing industry, but were, perhaps, typical examples of old fa…

Calcul des risques et rationalité dans la pensée de Cesare Beccaria

2000

International audience; Le traité de Beccaria Des délits et des peines fut publié entre avril et juillet 1764 au moment où paraissaient les premières feuilles du Café 1. Il est donc à peu près contemporain de l'essai d'analyse sur la contrebande que Beccaria rédigea pour le périodique de Pietro Verri. Cet article est assez peu commenté pour des raisons qui sont simples : il s'agit d'un texte bref (une page et demie) ; le sujet traité est une question technique (la méthode de fixation d'un tarif douanier). Beccaria enfin recourt aux mathématiques en utilisant des symboles et une forme de fonction qui ne sont pas ceux des manuels d'aujourd'hui 2. Pourtant l'article nous paraît typique de la r…