Search results for "Economic system"
showing 10 items of 232 documents
The consolidation of post‐autocratic democracies: A multi‐level model
1998
The mainstream of theoretical and empirical ‘consolidology’ speaks of consolidated and non‐consolidated democracies. This crude dichotomy does not allow for more differentiated judgments about the stage of consolidation of newly democratized political systems. To overcome this shortcoming, a multi‐level model of democratic consolidation is proposed, consisting of four interdependent levels. The particular configuration of each has specific impact on the consolidation of the other levels. The four levels are: constitutional, representative, behavioural, and civic cultural consolidation. This model helps us to understand why new democracies survive or collapse, to identify the degree to which…
Determinants of Immigration in Europe. The Relevance of Life Expectancy and Environmental Sustainability
2017
This research analyzes the main variables that determine immigration in Europe and includes aspects related to the economy, population, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. The empirical analysis consists of two sets of data: one made up of all EU member states (EU-28) and the other containing countries that form a part of the Eurozone (EU-19), using the Generalized Method of Moments. The sample covers the period between 2000 and 2014, and the data are analyzed separately and comparatively in the most relevant stages during that time (economic prosperity, crisis, and recovery). The most notable results indicate that the variables related to GDP and public debt largely serve to just…
Seat Competitiveness and Redistricting: Evidence from Voting on Municipal Mergers
2013
We analyze how (anticipated) changes in the competitiveness of the seats of municipal councilors affect their voting behavior over municipal mergers. The competitiveness of the seats changes because the merger changes the composition of political competitors and the number of available seats in the next election. We use this variation for identification and find that the smaller the increase in the competitiveness of a councilor's seat, the more likely he is to vote for the merger. These effects are not related to the behavioral responses of the voters, but arise from the councilors’ desire to avoid electoral competition.
Economic Globalization: From Microeconomic Foundation to National Determinants
2015
Abstract For many years, globalization was at the main source of economic growth for the world economy. During and after the 2009 crisis many questions about the positive effects of globalization have arisen. In this paper we argue there are two dimensions of economic globalization, micro and macro, and the perspectives of globalization is more related to the microeconomic determinants. Looking to the definitions and measures of globalization we conclude that for most of the countries the macro dimensions are important and many of them irreversible and not questionable in these days – barriers of trade, political integration, etc., but the microeconomic behavior of individuals and companies…
Economic Structure and Vulnerability to Organised Crime: Evidence from Sicily
2008
The economic analysis of organised crime suggests that some economic activities are particularly vulnerable to penetration by criminal organisations. This paper provides an analysis of the structure of the Sicilian economy and shows that, when compared with other Italian regions, it is characterised by a disproportionate presence of such activities. In particular, the economy of Sicily appears characterised by: (i) a large dimension of traditional sectors, such as the Construction sector, which also has a strong territorial specificity; (ii) a large presence of small firms; (iii) a low level of technology; (iii) a large public sector. The joint presence of these features creates fertile soi…
Product market regulation, innovation and productivity
2014
Several recent policy and academic contributions consider that liberalising product markets would foster innovation and growth. This paper analyses the innovation-productivity relationship at the industry-level for a sample of OECD manufacturing industries. We pay particular attention to the vertically-induced influence of product market regulation (PMR) of key input sectors of the economy on the innovative process of manufacturing and its consequences on productivity. We test for a differentiated effect of this type of PMR depending on whether countries are technological leaders or laggards in a given industry and for a given time period. Contrary to the most widespread policy claims, the …
Intellectual Property Rights: An Economic Approach
2014
Abstract This paper aims to analyse the intellectual property rights from an economic perspective. The paper is discussing the points of view of well known economists in relation to the positive and negative impacts of the intellectual property systems. It brings also into discussion the role of IPR as a barrier to entry and a mean to restrict competition and to favour monopoly situations.
Regulating (and Self-regulating) the Sharing Economy in Europe: An Overview
2018
The article describes the main legal challenges for regulating the sharing (or collaborative) economy in Europe and explains how the existing body of EU law applies to these new business models. In the last part, it makes a few brief comments on the need for future regulation.
Transformation of the Forest-based Bioeconomy by Embracing Digital Solutions
2017
This paper attempts to explore a new insight to both industrialized and growing economies by demonstrating a digital-driven creative disruption in the forest-based bioeconomy which is beginning to replace its conventional and narrow concept of a forest-blinded economy. Notwithstanding the potential broad cross-sectoral benefits to both industrialized and growing economies, natural environments and locality constraints and the incessant challenge of distance have impeded balanced development of this economy. However, driven by digital solutions the economy has taken big steps forward in recent years. Digitalization has enabled real-time end-to-end supply chain visibility, improved delivery a…
Sir Thomas More's Utopia : An overlooked economic classic
2019
Sir Thomas More's Utopia, published in 1516, is a classic work of how to organise a society based on common property. With a unique mix of common property, institutions and sound economic insights, we argue that More built a framework for a society that could be viable in the long run. While the conditions that make Utopia work are quite restrictive, it does provide a sketch of a society where common property may not stifle long‐term development, but is associated with productive workers and people content with their lives.