Search results for "Economics and Finance"
showing 10 items of 1348 documents
Controlled-by-owner firms, mobility of capital and microeconomic profit rate maximization
1999
When they actively control the firm, owners select the firm that has the best profit rate if the hypothesis of mobility of capital is adopted: controlled-by-owner firms are profit-rate-maximizing when sleeping-owner firms are pure-profit-maximizing. Both types are compared in monopoly, in perfect competition, in classical or in mixed duopoly. Always, controlled-by-owner firms have a lower output than comparable sleeping-owner firms. It only takes a fixed coefficient of equity capital to do that price plays no role for controlled-by-owner firms in perfect competition; in duopoly, it only takes a similar condition plus a linear demand to do that reaction functions vanish.
Pour une élaboration démocratique des priorités de santé
2014
Presses de Sciences Po; National audience
School-to-Work Transition of Engineering graduates and PhDs in France: which consequences from a new tax credit for employers who hire young PhD grad…
2018
International audience; French governments have taken many initiatives towards strengthening the employability of PhD graduates in the private sector. The "Young Doctors Program" (DJD) was introduced in 1999 in order to encourage R&D employers to hire recent PhD graduates by atargeted measure of the Research Tax Credit. Since 2008, it has provided a substantial cost reduction if firms recruit recent PhD graduates. Our research seeks to address the positive impact of this program by examining the consequences such cost reduction have on the beginning of the careers of PhDs and graduates in engineering. Data from two national follow-up surveys conducted in 2007 and 2013 are analyzed to determ…
La production et valorisation des compétences sur le marché du travail : des approches néo-classiques à l'économie des conventions
2003
This research starts from human capital theory to study the production and valorization of competences in the labor market. Using the potentials and constraints of the neo-classical approach, the incorporation of other areas of economic science as well as other social sciences contributions are proposed. We believe that the key notions economics of education - human capital and wages, are necessary but they are inadequate to explain the level of individual competence or his level of remuneration. We propose a coherent integration of the theoretical and methodological tools of economics of education as well as of the economics of conventions and economics of human resources. And it includes …
Estimation des modèles dynamiques à erreurs composées avec autocorrélation par la méthode des variables instrumentales
1996
In this paper, we consider a dynamic error-components models with autocorrelated disturbances. We analyse the efficient estimation procedure of autocorrelation parameter and we try to find out whether moment conditions of a dynamic model without autocorrelation are valid when the model includes autocorrelation. We propose two efficient estimation methods of autocorrelation parameter in addition to Baltagi and Li (1994) estimator. We show that all moment conditions of a dynamic model without autocorrelation are not valid in dynamics errors-components models with autocorrelated disturbances.
Behaviour of common estimators in dynamic error-components models with autocorrelated disturbances
1997
The purpose of this paper is to make a presentation of the properties of a set of estimators comprising the within, between, OLS and GLS estimators in the study of dynamic error - components models with autocorrelated disturbances. We underline in this study the importance of the statistical distribution governing the initial values for the process and the structure of xit variable for the limiting values of the estimators when the temporal dimension is fixed but the individual dimension N grows indefinitly.
External knowledge sourcing in different national settings: a comparison of electronics establishments in Britain and France
2004
04001; International audience; In a detailed comparison of matched samples of electronics establishments in Britain and France, this paper finds that the two samples of establishments were operating in distinctively different national labour markets for engineers and scientists, reflecting structural differences in national higher education systems and a far higher level of individual mobility between enterprises in Britain than is found in France. These differences were found to have very little effect on quantitative measures of establishments' external research interactions which tended to reflect other national-institutional differences such as continued government support for public la…
The Stackelberg equilibrium as a consistent conjectural equilibrium
2011
International audience; We consider a static game with conjectural variations where some firms make conjectures while others do not. Two propositions are proved. We first show that there exists a continuum of conjectural variations such that the conjectural equilibrium locally coincides with the Stackelberg equilibrium (Proposition 1). Second, we define the conditions under which a conjectural equilibrium is a locally consistent equilibrium (i.e. such that conjectures are fulfilled). The conceptof (local) consistency is restricted to firms making conjectures. Two conditions on consistency are featured: consistency within a cohort and consistency among cohorts. The Stackelberg equilibrium fu…
Political Extremism and Rationality
2002
Political extremism is widely considered to be the product of irrational behavior. Originally published in 2002, the distinguishing feature of this collection by well-known economists and political scientists from North America, Europe and Australia is to propose a variety of explanations which all insist on the rationality of extremism. Contributors use variants of this approach to shed light on subjects such as the conditions under which democratic parties take extremist positions, the relationship between extremism and conformism, the strategies adopted by revolutionary movements, and the reasons why extremism often leads to violence. The authors identify four core issues in the study of…
Elections ordinaires et aménagements constitutionnels
2001
It is widely held that voting in the course of ordinary elections has no significant influence on the constitutional regime or order of a country. At least three powerful arguments are provided in support of that view. First, to claim that, at the same time as they play, players can change the rules is, to say the least, logically puzzling. A second argument refers to the motivations and possibilities of voters : voters, this argument says, are not really interested in constitutional issues and, even if they were, are particularly ill-equiped to understand their implications. The third argument rests on the observation of what obtains in practice : as a matter of fact, constitutional issues…