Search results for "Economy"
showing 10 items of 2131 documents
Biochar Particles Obtained from Agricultural Carob Waste as a Suitable Filler for Sustainable Biocomposite Formulations
2022
In the context of sustainable and circular economy, the recovery of biowaste for sustainable biocomposites formulation is a challenging issue. The aim of this work is to give a new life to agricultural carob waste after glucose extraction carried out by a local factory for carob candy production. A pyrolysis process was carried out on bio-waste to produce biofuel and, later, the solid residual fraction of pyrolysis process was used as interesting filler for biocomposites production. In this work, biochar particles (BC) as a pyrolysis product, after fuels recovery of organic biowaste, specifically, pyrolyzed carobs after glucose extraction, were added on poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalat…
Current state and future perspectives of biochar applications in Finland
2018
Kiinnostus biohiiltä kohtaan lisääntyy jatkuvasti, sillä biohiili tarjoaa taloudellisia ja ympäristön kannalta kestäviä ratkaisuja. Biohiiltä on tutkittu Suomessa noin kymmenen vuotta, mutta vasta viime aikoina sen taloudellinen kannattavuus on tunnistettu. Aikaisemmat biohiileen liittyvät tutkimukset ovat keskittyneet lähinnä pyrolyysiprosessiin, biohiilen ominaisuuksiin sekä biohiilen potentiaalisten käyttökohteiden tutkimiseen. Biohiilen markkinatilannetta ei ole vielä Suomessa tutkittu, lukuun ottamatta biohiilen käyttöä energiantuotannossa (biohiilen poltto), mikä on kuitenkin rajattu tästä tutkimuksesta. Tämän työn tarkoitus on tutkia biohiilen käytön nykyistä tilannetta ja sen tuleva…
Initial indicator analysis of bioethylen production pathways
2018
Abstract Circular economy and bioeconomy factors has driven the economy sectors towards sustainable choices. Chemical industry, as stated by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, has a potential to reduce 36 % of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 [1] mainly linked with introduction of emerging energy technologies. Ethylene, chlorine, ammonia and hydrogen are important chemicals for such reduction as they are the most worldwide produced chemicals (16 % of the total production in 2050 for ethylene, 11 % for chlorine and 6 % for ammonia). Meanwhile planned GHG reduction potential for these chemicals, through introduction of compression and separation technologies, is e…
Sunflower Residues-Based Biorefinery: Circular Economy Indicators
2023
Fossil fuel price increases, their uneven distribution, environmental issues from their incineration, and lack of guarantees of their energy security are the main drivers for the development of green energy. Agricultural waste is an abundant resource for energy bioprocessing, which improves the functioning of the circular economy. In this study, the following were used as the main indicators: the share of renewable energy and the benefit from it, the coefficient of cyclical use of biomass, and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The ways in which sunflower waste is applied for energy purposes are emphasized. The highest comprehensive ecological and economic effects are shown to be ac…
Is blockchain technology compatible with the Social and Solidarity Economy? Towards a new paradigm
2019
La significativa evolución que las tecnologías de la información han experimentado en los últimos años ha afectado a todos los sectores, incluido el de la Economía Social y Solidaria. El desarrollo emergente de la tecnología blockchain y sus posibilidades para modificar las formas de colaboración solidaria de la ciudadanía, presentan un reto actual y un cambio de paradigma para el Tercer Sector. El objeto del presente artículo es analizar las posibilidades existentes de que ambos ámbitos compartan valores, principios y objetivos. Para ello, en primer lugar y como punto de referencia, se presentan los conceptos de Economía Social y Solidaria y de blockchain. A continuación, se presentan las …
Consequences of applying new technologies to sources of law (overview)
2020
Technological change has a very significant impact on the functioning of a lawyer. It is not only an advocate, judge, adviser or notary public with a law, but also specialized software in which the law is incorporated. The quality of this software, safety but also the certainty of its correctness is very important for legal certainty and functioning of lawyers. Modern law is not only the text of legal acts or contracts but also IT codes in which the law is incorporated (for example, smart contract). The law is controlled by the courts. The question arises as to who will control the codes in which the law is written. In the EU, only a few countries have recognised this problem when creating …
Właściwości negocjacji w Unii Europejskiej: wybrane aspekty teoretyczne
2015
Artykuł koncentruje się na wybranych, najbardziej znaczących, aspektach teoretycznych właściwości negocjacji w Unii Europejskiej. Wśród nich znajdują się właściwości dotyczące: dużej liczby i różnorodności aktorów negocjacji; specyficznego przedmiotu negocjacji skutkującego wielopoziomowością i wieloaspektowością negocjacji w UE; wieloetapowością procesu negocjacji w UE, który angażuje różnorodnych aktorów na różnych poziomach i w zależności od tych płaszczyzn wymaga odmiennych aktywności negocjacyjnych i wreszcie procesów top-down i bottom-up jako determinant negocjacji w Unii Europejskiej. The focus of the paper is the selected, most significant theoretical aspects of negotiations conduct…
Empoderamiento femenino e insersión por la economia: analisis comparativo del modelo de las cooperatias andaluzas y de la economía solidaria en brasil
2017
Cette étude a comme objectif central d’examiner l’hypothèse suivante: les coopératives d’économie sociale et/ou solidaires contribuent à l’autonomisation des femmes en créant des dynamiques d’équité en termes sociaux, économiques et culturels, qui promeuvent l’égalité des sexes. Les principaux objectifs qui guident cette recherche sont les suivants: 1) Aborder les facteurs sociaux, économiques et culturels qui régissent les entreprises sociales prédominantes. Les principaux facteurs sont: le genre, le niveau de scolarité et le rôle des coopératives dans le développement économique et social de chaque pays. 2) Analyser les facteurs que prennent en compte les deux formes de gestion, le systèm…
Hedging spark spread risk with futures
2018
Abstract This paper discusses the spark spread risk management using electricity and natural gas futures. We focus on three European markets in which the natural gas share in the fuel mix varies considerably: Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. We find that spark spread returns are partially predictable, and consequently, the Ederington and Salas (2008) minimum variance hedging approach should be applied. Hedging the spark spread is more difficult than hedging electricity and natural gas price risks with individual futures contracts. Whereas spark spread risk reduction for monthly periods produces values of between 20.05% and 48.90%, electricity and natural gas individual hedg…
Patterns of international capital flows and their implications for developing countries
2017
According to standard economic theory, capital should flow from rich to poor countries. However, a reverse pattern has prevailed in the world economy. This is the so-called Lucas paradox. In addition, it has been shown that, counterintuitively, there is a negative correlation between capital inflow and productivity growth across developing countries. This is the so-called allocation puzzle. This review sheds light on the following questions: “What are the patterns of international capital flows in the world economy?”, “What are the most plausible explanations for these patterns?”, and “What are the possible implications of these developments for developing countries?” In addition, the curre…